农村金融排斥:背景、理论及我国面临的挑战

Rural Financial Exclusion: Background,Theory and Challenge in China

农村经济发展需要金融的有力支持,但是囿于农业生产、金融制度供给不足、金融需求抑制等问题导致出现农村金融排斥现象,原因在于农村居民收入结构来源单一、农民工主体庞大、乡村经济萧条、特质性成本与风险、非生产性借贷为主这四个基本问题,由此导致了农村金融市场自然发育状态下的"市场失灵"和"负外部性",农村居民实际收入水平不能得到有效提升是产生农村金融排斥的首要原因,应该以系统化的思路,采取顶层设计的办法,建立在"大金融"的前提下,构建普惠金融体系,促进农民收入增长和金融水平提升才是缓解农村金融排斥的根本之策。

Rural economic development needs strong financial support, however, it confined to agricultural production, insufficient supply of the financial system, financial needs and other issues, which led to suppression of rural financial exclu- sion, these four basic questions that is, because of the structure of a single source of income of rural residents, a huge body of migrant workers, the rural economy depression, trait-oriented cost and risk, and unproductive loan behavior, which led to the development of the state of the rural nature of financial markets under the ＂market failure＂ and ＂negative externalities＂, the level of real income of rural residents can not get effective promotion is the primary cause of financial exclusion in rural areas, which should be considered in a systematic way of thinking, to take top-level design approach, based on the ＂big finance＂ the premise of building inclusive financial system and promote farmers＇ income growth and financial level ascension is the funda- mental policy to alleviate rural financial exclusion.