个人信息权保护的法经济学分析及其限制

The Analysis of Law and Economics of the Protection of Personal Information and Its Derogation

目前我国的司法实践对个人信息侵权的保护采用了具体人格权中隐私权的路径,它无法对个人信息商业化利用伴随的财产利益进行全面的保护。在我国的个人信息保护立法中,是采用"以人格权为中心、包含财产利益和人格利益两部分内容的一元模式",还是"以包含个人信息的精神利益和财产利益为导向的人格权和财产权二元模式",需要借助经济学的分析工具。此外,基于价值的多元,任何权利的运行都要有个界限,个人信息权亦如此。在遭遇言论与表达自由、信息的自由流通、国家安全和权利人的同意四种情况时,个人信息权的保护力度要"克减"。当然,这四种"克减"场域仅仅是基于"类型化"的分析,具体的案件还要进行具体的"利益衡量"。

At present, we protect the personal information by the way of infringement of privacy which is classified in concrete personality rights, but, with this method, we can＇ t fully protect the property interests when the personal information is used in commerce. In the current legislation, there are two modes for choose. One is ＂the personality rights as the center, including property interests and personality interests＂, another is ＂containing the spiritual interests and property interests, the personality rights and property rights coexist＂, and it needs analysis tools of economics to decide which mode to adopt. In addition, based on the Value pluralism, the personal information right has its limits, especially when facing four cases： in the event of freedom of speech; free flow of information; national security; the consent of right holder. Of course, these four ＂derogation＂ fields are based on the ＂type＂ of the analysis, in the specific case, we need a specific ＂interest measure＂.