拖延行为对大学生体育锻炼动机的影响:自我效能感的中介效应

Effect of Procrastination on Physical Exercise Motivation of College Students:A Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy

为探讨拖延行为对大学生体育锻炼动机的影响,验证自我效能感的中介效应,作者采用特质拖延量表、运动情境动机量表及一般自我效能感量表对1 070名大学生进行调查。结果显示:大学生的拖延倾向令人堪忧,但有较好的自我效能感和锻炼动机;自我效能感和锻炼动机在性别上存在差异,性别在拖延行为解释锻炼动机时不具备调节效应;拖延行为各维度与自我效能感和内部整合动机皆负相关,与外化原则动机和缺乏动机皆正相关。回归分析表明:拖延行为对自我效能感和锻炼动机皆具负向预测效应,自我效能感在拖延行为基础上对锻炼动机具有正向预测效应,在拖延行为解释锻炼动机时具备部分中介效应。结构方程模型验证了,拖延行为对锻炼动机的影响,以及自我效能感显著的中介效应。研究结果为制定大学生体育锻炼决策提供重要的实践启示。

In order to explore the effects of procrastination on physical exercise motivation as well as mediating effect of self-efficacy, by using Aitken Procrastination Inventory （API）, the Situational Motivation Scale （SIMS）, and General Self-efficacy Scale （GSES） , this paper investigated 1070 college students （age = 20.10 ＋ 2.96; Male = 560, female = 510）. Results： College students＇ procrastination is worrying, but the students have better self-efficacy and exercise motivation. Gender has significant difference between self-efficacy and exercise motiva- tion ; however, gender didn＇t have moderating effect when procrastination explained exercise motivation. There are significant negative correlations between procrastination and self-efficacy and internal motivation, and there are significant positive correlations between procrastination and externalization principle motivation and amotivation. Regression analysis indicated that the predicted effect of procrastination was significant on self-efficacy and each factor of exercise motivation, moreover, the predicted effect of self-efficacy was significant on each factor of exercise motivation basis on the procrastination, and the self-efficacy has a mediating effect partly in the procrastination explaining exercise motivation. Structural equation model confirmed the effect of procrastination on the exercise motivation, and the significant mediating effect of self-efficacy. The research results provide important practical implications for formulating college students＇ physical exercise decision.