王国维体育教育观及其启示研究

Physical Education View of WANG Guo-wei and Its Implications

王国维是集教育学、文学、美学、史学等众多学科领域皆有丰硕成果的国学大师,是中国近代教育史上第一个提出"体、德、智、美"四育并举的教育家。关于王国维体育教育观的前期直接研究资料很少,其间接相关的观点与论述散见于对其教育思想的研究中。这些观点与论述不乏对当今学校体育改革与发展仍具重要借鉴价值的真知灼见。运用文献资料、历史分析等方法对王国维的体育教育观进行了独立系统地整理与研究,结果认为:王国维体育教育观主要表现为4个方面:"提倡四育并举的教育""重视儿童体育教育""提出人体运动的解剖学与生理学依据""主张身体、德道、知识教育相辅相成",在此基础上提出了其对当下我国学校体育改革与发展的启示,以期为我们重新审视20世纪初期我国学校体育思想的萌芽与发展,并反思与改进当前学校体育的改革发展提供理论依据与现实指导。

As a master of Chinese ancient civilization studies, WANG Guo-wei acquired a great achievement in education, literature, aesthetics, and history. He is also the first educator to put forward simultaneous development of physical, moral, intellectual, and aesthetic educations. His physical education view is still important for current school physical education reform and development even it was rare fully expressed but scattered in his literatures. This paper analyzed his physical education view systematically by the methods of literature review and historical analysis. His physical education view demonstrated at four aspects. They are ＂advocate simultaneous development of four educations＂, ＂pay attention to child physical education＂, ＂put forward anatomical and psychological bases of human motion＂ and ＂advocate physical, mortal and intellectual educations supplementing each other＂. Based on this, this paper pointed out its implications to current school physical education＇s reform and development in China. We hope this can help us rethinking the beginning and development of China school physical education thoughts in the early of the 20th century, and can provide theoretical reference and practice guidance for current school physical education＇s reform and development in China.