1岁以下社区获得性肺炎病原学比较

Compare the Etiology of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Less than 1 Year Old Children

目的：通过了解和分析1岁以下儿童社区获得性肺炎病原学分布及治疗情况来预防和判断患儿预后，从而更好地改善患儿预后，促进其康复。方法：收集2013年7月-2014年7月收治的200例1岁以下社区获得性肺炎患儿进行研究，同时收集患儿鼻咽部痰标本用于细菌培养，采用间接免疫荧光法检测患儿静脉血液呼吸道病原谱IgM抗体。结果：经检测发现，200份标本中，其中阳性标本为120份，占60.0%。1~6个月患儿病原检出者为88%（88/100），明显高于6个月~1岁的32%（32/100），差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）；其中春季发病率明显高于其他三季，且冬季发病最少，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：1岁以下儿童社区获得性肺炎主要发病于春季，且好发于6个月以下小儿人群中，致病主要以病毒感染为主，因此需做好相关预防措施，以减少或控制疾病，保障患儿健康成长。

Objective：To understand and analyze the etiological diagnosis and treatment in less than 1 year old children with community-acquired pneumonia（CAP）, in order to improving the prognosis, and promote their recovery.. Method：200 children with CAP in less than 1 year old were admitted in this study from July 2013 to July 2014 ,and sputums were collected from nasopharyngeal for bacterial culture, indirect immunofluorescence was used to assay specific IgM of respiratory pathogen in blood..Result：There were found that 120 positive samples in 200 specimens, accounting for 60.0%.There were 88% （88/100） positive pathogens in children in age of 1 to 6 months, which was significant higher than that in age of 6 months to 1 year 32%（32/100）, the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）.There were significantly higher risk to had CAP in spring than in other quarters, and in winter was the less, the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）.Conclusion：Children in less than 1 year old with CAP are mainly occurred in spring, and in children under 6 months, and the virus are the main infection pathogens , so there need to take preventive methods to reduce or control the disease, and to protect children grow up healthy.