不同蛋白来源对京红蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

Effect of Dietary Protein Sources on Egg Performance and Egg Quality of Jinghong Laying Hens at Peak Production

【目的】营养素来源对动物生产性能和产品品质的影响是动物营养研究的关注热点之一,文章旨在探讨蛋白来源对高峰期产蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。【方法】选取288只32周龄京红1号产蛋鸡,分别饲喂以豆粕、脱酚棉籽蛋白、双低菜粕、豆粕+4%黄粉虫为蛋白来源的4种日粮,每个处理6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。试验日粮在等能、等氮、相同标准回肠可消化氨基酸模式基础上配制。试验期内蛋鸡自由采食和饮水,光照时间16L﹕8D,相对湿度50%—60%,舍温(16±2)℃,试验期8周。【结果】(1)试验期全期,各处理组的产蛋率、平均蛋重和软破蛋率无显著差异(P>0.05);与豆粕组相比,棉籽蛋白组的日产蛋量显著降低(P<0.05),双低菜粕组有降低趋势(P=0.084),4%黄粉虫组无显著差异(P>0.05);棉籽蛋白组和4%黄粉虫组的日采食量低于豆粕组(P=0.091),双低菜粕组的日采食量高于豆粕组(P=0.091);相对于豆粕组,棉籽蛋白组和双低菜粕组的饲料效率有降低趋势(P=0.052),4%黄粉虫组无显著变化(P>0.05)。(2)不同蛋白来源对产蛋鸡血浆谷草转氨酶(AST)活性无显著影响(P>0.05);8 w末时,与豆粕组相比,4%黄粉虫组的血浆谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性显著降低(P<0.05),棉籽蛋白组蛋鸡血浆总蛋白(TP)和球蛋白(GLB)显著降低(P<0.05);4%黄粉虫组TP、白蛋白(ALB)和GLB与豆粕组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05);4、8 w末时,4%黄粉虫组ALB显著高于棉籽蛋白组和双低菜粕组(P<0.05)。(3)8 w末,与豆粕组相比,棉籽蛋白组和双低菜粕组的蛋壳强度(P=0.084)、蛋壳厚度(P=0.062)均有降低趋势,而4%黄粉虫组均有提高趋势。4 w末,与豆粕组相比,棉籽蛋白组和双低菜粕组蛋白高度分别降低4.02%、3.41%(P=0.091),4%黄粉虫组提高3.87%(P=0.079);试验期内各处理组蛋白p H均无显著差异(P>0.05)。(4)4 w末,与豆粕组相比,棉籽蛋白组和双低菜粕组的蛋清比例分别降低1.67%和1.18%(P=0.099),4%黄粉虫组提高1.70%(P=0.099);4%黄粉虫组蛋黄干物质含量显著高于菜粕组(P<0.05)。【结论】对于京红1号高峰产蛋鸡而言,在日粮等能、等氮、相同可消化氨基酸模式下,棉籽蛋白和双低菜粕可降低日产蛋量,降低日采食量和饲料效率,同时降低蛋白高度及哈氏单位等。可见,豆粕及4%黄粉虫部分替代豆粕较适合作为其蛋白源饲料,双低菜粕和脱酚棉籽蛋白稍次。

[ Objective] This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein sources on egg performance and egg quality of Jinghong laying hens at peak production.[Method]Two hundred and eighty-eight Jinghong laying hens aged 32 weeks with similar egg production were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 12 hens per replicate. Hens in group Ⅰ （control group） were fed soybean meal （SBM） protein, hens in group Ⅱ were fed degossypolized cottonseed protein （DCP）, hens in groupⅢwere fed double-zero rapeseed meal （DRM） protein, and hens in groupⅣwere fed 4%yellow mealworms （YM） and soybean meal （SBM） protein. All diets were isocaloric （11.11 Mcal·kg-1）, isonitrogenous （CP, 16.5%） and had the similar standard ileum digestible AA model. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. [Result] （1） In the whole feeding period,no significant differences were found on average egg production, egg weight and cracked eggs ratio among all groups （P〉0.05）. In DCP group, egg mass during 1-8w was lower than that SBM group or 4%YM group （P〈0.05）, while the egg mass of DRM group was lower than that SBM group（P=0.084）. The average feed intake of DCP group and 4%YM group during 1-8w were lower than that SBM group （P=0.091）, while the average feed intake of DRM group was lower than that SBM group（P=0.091）. Egg/feed also showed that the same tendency in all groups, that is the egg/feed of DCP group and the DRM group were reduced （P=0.052）, while the egg/feed of 4%YM group had no significant difference （P〉0.05）. （2） No significant differences in the plasma aspartate transaminase （AST） among all groups were observed （P〉0.05）. Compared to SBM group, plasma alanine transaminase （ALT） in laying hens of 4%YM group was significantly reduced at 8w （P〈0.05）. The plasma total protein, globulin in laying hens of DCP group at 8w were significant lower than that SBM group （P〈0.05）. The plasma albumen in laying hens of 4%YM group was higher than those DCP group and DRM group at 4w and 8w （P〈0.05）. （3） There was a trend toward eggs of DCP group and DRM group at 8w decreasing shell strength （P=0.084） and shell thickness （P=0.062）, while the egg of 4%YM group increasing shell strength （P=0.084） and shell thickness （P=0.062）. Compared to SBM group, albumen height of eggs in DCP group and DRM group were reduced 4.02% and 3.41%（P=0.091） at 4w, while the 4%YM group was increased 3.87%（P=0.079）. No significant difference were found albumen pH among all groups （P〉0.05）. （4） Albumen percent of eggs in DCP group and DRM group were reduced 1.67%and 1.18%（P=0.099） than that SBM group at 4w, while 4%yellow mealworms group was increased 1.70%（P=0.099）. In addition, yolk dry matter of egg in 4%YM group was higher than that DRM group at 4w （P〈0.05）.[Conclusion]4%yellow mealworms replace soybean meal and soybean meal was the most optimal protein ingredients for Jinghong laying hens at peak production, followed by double-zero rapeseed meal and degossypolized cottonseed protein.