飞行员年度体检结果分析及医学鉴定

Analysis of medical evaluation of pilots in annual physical examination

目的 了解高性能战斗机飞行员的患病及医学鉴定情况,探讨常见疾病的发病规律.方法 对250名高性能战斗机飞行员年度体检检出的疾病进行统计分析.按年龄分为5组：≤30岁（Ⅰ组,n=104）,31～35岁（Ⅱ组,n=63）,36～40岁（Ⅲ组,n=55）,41～45岁（Ⅳ组,n=21）,＞45岁（Ⅴ组,n=7）,比较不同年龄组疾病检出情况及医学鉴定情况. 结果 ①检出疾病者占61.20％,检出2种以上疾病者占检出疾病人数的79.74％.医学鉴定结论：飞行合格243名,暂时飞行不合格7名.②不同年龄组疾病检出率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=50.777,P＜0.01）,Ⅰ组明显低于其他年龄组（P＜0.05）.③检出位列前10位的疾病为高脂血症、脂肪肝、高尿酸血症、胆囊息肉、椎间盘突出症、肝血管瘤、肾囊肿、腰椎峡部裂、肝囊肿和肝功能异常.④不同年龄组间,高脂血症、脂肪肝、高尿酸血症、椎间盘突出症、肾囊肿、肝囊肿及肝功能异常检出率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=9.797～56.140,P＜0.01或＜0.05）. 结论 高性能战斗机飞行员罹患病症以与生活方式相关的代谢性疾病为主,椎间盘突出症检出率也较高.应加强对飞行员健康生活方式的引导,加强颈腰背肌专项锻炼,促进飞行员健康.

Objective To analyze the disease prevalence and medical evaluation of high performance fighter pilots and to investigate the occurrence regularity.Methods The disease prevalence data of 250 high performance fighter pilots in annual physical examination were statistically analyzed.The pilots were classified into 5 groups by age：group Ⅰ （≤30 yr,n =104）,group Ⅱ （31-35 yr,n=63）,group Ⅲ （36-40 yr,n=55）,group Ⅳ （41-45 yr,n=21） and group Ⅴ（〉45 yr,n=7）.The diseases and results of medical evaluation were compared among the groups.Results ①61.20% of the pilots were diagnosed with diseases,79.74% of which were with more than 2 diseases.Medical evaluation：243 cases were qualified and 7 cases were temporarily grounded.②The detection rate of diseases in 5 age groups had statistical difference （χ^2=50.777,P〈0.01）.The detection rate of diseases in group Ⅰ was significantly lower than that in other groups （P〈0.05）.③The top ten diseases were hyperlipidemia,fatty liver,hyperuricemia,gallbladder polyps,protrusion of intervertebral disc,hepatic haemangioma,cyst of kidney,lumbar spondylolysis,hepatic cyst,and dysfunction of liver.④ Detection rate of hyperlipidemia fatty liver,hyperuricemia,prolapse of intervertebral disc,cyst of kidney,hepatic cyst and disfunction of liver showed significant difference among the 5 groups（χ^2 =9.797 56.140,P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）.Conclusions The common diseases of high performance fighter pilots are the lifestyle-related metabolic diseases.The prevalence of intervertebral disc herniation is kept high.Guiding the healthy life style and strengthening the cervical back muscle exercise are suggested for promoting pilot＆#39;s health.