民航飞行员心理选拔现状分析

The progress of psychological selection of civil pilots

目的 通过文献综合分析我国民航飞行员心理选拔研究的现状及前景. 资料来源与选择 国内外该领域及相关领域的研究论文和专著. 资料引用 国内外公开发表的文献26篇.资料综合 飞行员心理选拔是通过飞行专家和心理学研究者从心理品质和心理特征等方面挑选出那些既能通过飞行训练又能成为优秀机长的候选者,这不仅能有效地节省飞行训练成本,同时能很好地维护飞行安全质量.在航空心理学研究中,基本能力/智力、心理运动能力和人格特征等心理因素一直是选拔飞行员的关键指标. 结论 我国民航飞行员心理选拔过程中存在内容陈旧、缺乏效度、测验手段单一、选拔与训练脱节以及缺乏统一的选拔系统等问题.未来研究应以安全为导向,结合能力特征和心理状态、人格特质和情境状态,以机组资源管理技能为效标构建适用于中国民航飞行员的心理选拔系统,为从根本上确保民航飞行员安全作业的可靠性奠定良好的工作基础.

Objective To review psychological selection research for civil pilot and to prospect its application.Literature resource and selection Domestic and international publications in this field were retrieved.Literature quotation Twenty-six published research papers and reviews were cited.Literature synthesis Psychological selection of pilot is that flight experts and psychologists evaluate the psychological quality and psychological characteristics of the candidates who can pass the flight training and become the captain.It not only can effectively save the cost of flight training,but also can maintain the flight safety well.In aviation psychology research,the basic ability/intelligence,psychomotor abilities,and personality characteristics had become the key indicators in psychological selection of the pilot.Conclusions It has found many problems in the process of China＇s civil aviation pilots psychological selection,such as the content old,lack of validity,a single of testing method,dissociation between selection and training and no unified selection system.Future study should be guided by safety,combine with the features of ability and psychological state,personality traits and the situation,and build China civil pilot fitted psychological selection system with the criterion of Crew Resources Management skills.Those would be helpful to settle the base of assuring reliability for safe flight.