我国农地制度变迁的历史考察及绩效分析

Historical Investigation and Analysis of the Efficiency of Rural Land Institutional Changes in China

有什么样的农地制度就会产生什么样的制度绩效。建国后我国农地制度发生了若干次大的变动,其中,有的是强制性制度变迁,有的是诱致性制度变迁,总体上看,诱致性制度变迁一般都取得了较优的绩效,如家庭联产承包责任制。但由于制度的边际效用是递减的,因此,家庭联产承包责任制不可能是我国农地制度变迁的最后归宿,必将继续发生变动,并很有可能最终被符合市场经济原则的资本雇佣土地的制度所取代。

Institutional efficiency depends on institutional arrangement. A number of great changes have occurred in the rural land institutions since 1949, some being forced and others induced. On the whole, induced institutional changes, e.g. , the family contracted responsibility system, usually achieved better efficiency. However, because of the decreasing nature of the institutional marginal utility, the responsibility system cannot be the last arrangement of the rural land institutional changes in China, and it will continue to change, perhaps to be replaced eventually by the institution of the employment of land with capital, which conforms tp the principles of the market economy.