认知失调与大学生运动员自我损耗:自我肯定的预防作用

Cognitive Dissonance and College Athletes' Ego-depletion:The Precaution of Self Affirmation

研究旨在检验认知失调是否使大学生运动员产生自我损耗,以及探讨价值肯定和属性肯定对认知失调产生自我损耗的预防作用。采用自我损耗双任务实验范式进行了2项实验。实验1中,20名大学生运动员先完成认知失调任务,然后完成Stroop任务。结果发现,认知失调较无认知失调组在Stroop任务不一致错误上表现更差,该结果表明,认知失调使运动员产生了自我损耗。实验2中,60名大学生运动员先完成价值肯定和属性肯定任务,然后完成认知失调任务,最后完成Stroop任务。结果发现,在认知失调情况下,价值肯定较属性肯定和无肯定组在Stroop任务不一致错误数上更少,而属性肯定和无肯定组间无差异。该结果表明,价值肯定而不是属性肯定对认知失调产生的自我损耗具有预防作用。

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that cognitive dissonance brought athletes＇ ego-depletion, and to discuss the different self-affirmation that could prevent the athletes ~ ego depletion. This paper carried on two experiments by the double-task experi- mental paradigms. In experiment 1,20 college athletes engaged in the cognitive dissonance task for five minutes and then performed a Stroop task. The results showed that the participants made more in non-match mistaken numbers than the others, and the result showed that cognitive dissonance brought ego depletion. In experiment 2,60 college athletes engaged in value affirmation, attribute affirmatiorl, and no affirmation task respectively for five minutes at first, and then finished the cognitive dissonance task for five minutes. At last, the participants performed a Stroop task. The result showed that the athletes who experienced value affirmation made less faults in non-match mistaken numbers than others, However, there was no difference between the athletes who experienced attribution affirmation and the control ones. It suggested that only value affirmation could prevent the athletes＇ ego depletion caused by cognitive dissonance.