制度变迁视域下的非奥运项目发展研究

Research on the Development of Non-Olympic Events in China from the Perspective of Institutional Change

通过制度变迁理论对奥运项目和非奥运项目二者的体育权利博弈进行探讨,指出:奥运项目是供给主导型制度变迁的产物,非奥运项目是需求诱致型制度变迁的选择,同时,发展非奥运项目是一个重大的制度变化过程,整个过程具有路径依赖的特征。路径依赖会巩固和强化举国体制已经获得的成绩和影响力,新的制度改革与创新会遇到很大阻力,非奥运项目发展道路漫长。解决路径依赖问题是发展非奥运项目的关键,加快权力机构改革与权力释放的进程,能够为体育制度改革扫清障碍。发挥体育总局在改革中的主导作用,需济弱与扶强并举。此外,非奥运项目发展必须重视意识形态在改革中的特殊作用,意识形态直接影响中国体育未来发展道路的走向。最后,提出非奥运项目联合重组的路径选择。

Based on the theory of institutional change, this paper makes an analysis on the sports rights game between Olympic events and non-Olympic events. It points out that Olympic events are the products of supply-oriented institutional change,while non-Olympic events are the choice of demand-oriented insti- tutional change. At the same time, the development of non-Olympic events is a major institutional change process that bears the feature of path dependence, which may consolidate and strengthen the achievements and influences that the ＂Whole Nation System＂ has obtained. The new system reform and innovation may encounter much resistance, which makes it a long way to go for the development of non-Olympic events. To solve the problem of path dependence is the key to develop non-Olympic events, which can accelerate the process of institutional reform and power release as well as clear away the obstacles of sports system refornx The leading role of the General Administration of Sport in the reform should be placed on sup- porting both the advantaged and disadvantaged events. In addition, the development of non-Olympic events should rely on the special role of ideology in the reform,which directly decides the direction of the sports development in China. Finally, the path choice of non-Olympic events reorganization is put forward in the study.