夏、商、西周一体多元民族格局的演进与特点

On the evolution and characteristics of the integrative multi-ethnic pattern in the Xia,Shang and Western Zhou dynasties

由于中华民族政治早熟的特点,一体多元民族格局的形成时间应从秦汉前推至夏、商、西周三代。在夏、商、西周三代,一体和多元不是分居两个层面的互补,而是同处一个层面的竞合关系。一体和多元消长的主要依据不是经济发展和制度健全,而是以变法为核心的一体对多元的不断克服。禅让制瓦解后,一体在多元占优的形势下缓慢生长,历经夏、商、西周三代而发展出以封建制为核心的一体多元民族格局。这个格局的特点是西重东轻、封建集权,为中国历史上第一次民族大融合奠定了政治和心理基础。

With a consideration of the precocious political consciousness of the Chinese nation,the earliest formation of the integrative multi-ethnic pattern of the Chinese nation should emerge in the Xia,Shang and Western Zhou dynasties rather than the Qin and Han dynasties.This paper argues that the integration and diversity in this period were not complementary at two levels but were contra-dictorily complementary at the same level.The growth and decline of integration and diversity depen-ded not on economic development and institutional reform but on the political contention in the contin-uous shift from diversity to integration with the legal reform as the core.The collapse of the demise system resulted in the slow development of integration under the strong influence of diversity,and fi-nally the integrative multi-ethnic pattern of the Chinese nation based on feudalism was established through the long-term efforts of the Xia,Shang and Western Zhou dynasties.This pattern was char-acterized by its centralized feudal rule with its characteristics more obvious in the west rather than in the east,which helped lay the political and psychological foundation for the first national integration in Chinese history.