直觉、艺术与审美主义——论海德格尔的“存在”与“自由”之“思”

Intuition,Art and Aestheticism—On Heidegger's Being and Freedom of the Thinking

尼采在希腊那里看到快乐、激情和生命之力,而这也是海德格尔的思想源泉。形而上学和主体哲学是尼采与海德格尔共同的敌人,而艺术则是其武器与策略之一。在尼采指引下,海氏发现被遗忘的"存在":他要探究其本源,重新安置"此在"之"在"。不过,海德格尔的"存在"之"思",不是抽象概念式的(经验)科学体系,而是历史的、具体的与"自由"的"思想"。它反对的是理性与形而上学,同时也是对感性、直觉和自由的"思"之召唤。那么,"自由"将在"此在"之内外交织的冲突与融合中涌现,它是一种"解蔽"状态。存在是海德格尔的主题,而生存论则是其重要话语形式。海德格尔认为,此在在世的诸般行动都与生命、艺术和诗密切相关,它甚至就是生存本身。最终,海德格尔展开一种"此在"在世(生存)的审美主义。当然,所有这些都来自于现象学"直觉(观)"之馈赠——而它在海德格尔那里则叫做"领会"。

Nietzsche discovered joy, passion and life force in Greece, the very source of Heidegger′s thought.Metaphysics and philosophy of the subject were common enemies of these two thinkers, but art was their weapon and one of their tactics. Under the guidance of Nietzsche, Heidegger found Being which had been forgotten.—he wished to explore its origin, and settle down Dasein.However, instead of being an abstract concept Heidegger′s Being of the thinking was historical, con-crete and free thought.It was opposed to reason and metaphysics and called for perceptual, intuitive and free thought.So, freedom emerged from Dasein, a state of De-shielding.As a central theme, Heidegger Being was a basic concept, yet exis-tentialism was a very important form of his discourse.Heidegger believed that all actions of being-in-the-world were closely related to life, art and poetry, it was even life itself.Eventually, Heidegger launched an aestheticism of being-in-the-world for Dasein.No doubt, this all came from the phenomenology of intuition, also called understanding in Heidegger′s termi-nology.