青岛地区霾污染天气特征分析

The Characteristics of Haze Pollution Days in Qingdao

通过统计分析20032013年气象观测和环境空气质量监测数据，给出了青岛霾污染天气的时空分布和边界层特征。青岛中度污染以上的霾污染天气多发生在12月～次年1月，空气质量指数（AQI）的日变化有明显的“三峰”特征，城市灰霾带位于市北区至李沧区、以及崂山西侧弱风区一带。青岛60％的霾污染天气发生在500hPa冷槽底或冷槽后部的大气环流背景下，地面多对应高压中心或鞍型场等均压场形势。当出现霾污染天气时，边界层逆温厚度、强度与AQI变化有一定的正相关关系。青岛地区吹陆风时污染物浓度高，海风时污染物浓度低。当陆风风速达到4．5m／s以上，或持续海风时，对污染物有清洁扩散作用。

According to the meteorological observation data and ambient air quality data from 2003 to 2013, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of circulation situations and boundary layer in Qingdao are analyzed. The statistical results indicate the haze days with air pollution above 4-level general- ly appear from December to next January and the hourly variation of air quality index （AQI） shows ＂Three Peaks＂ pattern. Haze pollution areas of Qingdao include from Shibei district to Licang district and the west area of Laoshan Mountain. 60% haze pollution days appears on the bottom of cold trough at 500 hPa. As well as Qingdao located in the center of surface high pressure or saddle field. Inversion strength and thick- ness appear somewhat positive relationship with AQI during haze pollution days. Land breeze makes high pollutant density, while sea wind makes low one. Either north wind speed more than 4. 5 m/s or lasting south wind could decrease pollutant and clean air.