1948年阿根廷铁路国有化原因探析

The Reason of Argentina's Railway Nationalization in 1948

庇隆时期阿根廷工人阶级对铁路国有化的期待、阿根廷民族主义者及激进党对庇隆执政初期铁路政策的反对和20世纪30年代以来英国政府对用英镑结余购买英资铁路的坚持,是1948年阿根廷外资铁路国有化实现的三个主要推动因素。因此,1948年铁路国有化并非是一个单纯的经济民族主义影响下的事件,同时也是阿根廷国内外多种因素共同作用的一个结果。只有认识到这点,才能对庇隆经济政策给予客观、准确的评价。

There were three key motivations for Argentina＇s nationalization of foreign railways in 1948： the labors＇ expectation of the state ownership of the railways; the Argentine nationalists and the radical＇s opposition to Peron＇s early railway policy; the insist of British government to buy the British owned railways with the sterling balance. Therefore, Argentina＇s railway nationalization in 1948 was not merely an event influenced by economic nationalism, but also was a result of multiple external and internal factors.