朱生豪之译者生态研究

A Study of Zhu Shenghao from the Perspective of Translator Ecology

朱生豪是莎士比亚戏剧最重要的译者之一,朱生豪译本在中国莎学史、中国翻译史上是一个里程碑式的伟大工程。本文以译者生态理论(对译者之所以成为译者、之所以被称为翻译家的动态研究和静态描述相结合的理论)为视角,深入追溯朱生豪的生平,从译者生成论、译者角色论、译者翻译论和译者接受论四方面探讨朱生豪的翻译活动,既研究了其自幼天资聪颖、受过良好教育和兴趣爱好广泛、热爱莎剧、翻译态度严谨认真等个性特点,也探讨了其在事关中华民族文化尊严的特定社会环境(抗日战争时期)下翻译莎剧行为的深刻社会背景。朱生豪的翻译生涯表明,翻译不仅仅是翻译家的个人事业,也不仅仅是译者个人的孤立行动,而是由译者自身、社会及家庭环境、文化氛围以及译文读者、观众接受等因素共同作用的结果。

Zhu Shenghao is one of the most important translators of Shakespeare’s plays and his translation is a milestone in translation history and the history of Shakespeare studies in China. From the perspective of translator ecology,we analyze his thoughts on translation,and investigate his translation activities from four dimensions,that is,the making of the translator, the identity of the translator,the translation of the translator and the acceptance and influence of the translator. We also explore Zhu’s childhood and his education,his broad interests and in particular his interest in Shakespeare’s plays,and his rigorous attitude towards translation. We probe into the significance of his translating Shakespeare’s works under the particular social environment （Anti-Japanese War） when the dignity of the Chinese national culture was endangered. And we find out that translation is not only the translator’s personal and individual activity,but the result of combined effect of the translator himself, social and family environment,cultural atmosphere and acceptance of target reader and audience.