清代新疆锡伯营生产模式对满营八旗的示范作用

Demonstration of the Production Mode of Xibo Camp to Man Camp in Xinjiang during Qing Dynasty

清乾隆时期,为戍守西北边陲,锡伯族官兵被清政府派往新疆伊犁驻防。由于清政府对锡伯族官兵在粮饷供给上实行"无粮有银",为了解决粮食问题,他们选择了"分驻屯耘"的屯戍模式。新疆满营驻防八旗仿照锡伯之制勤于养鸡畜豚,各令自耕自食;仿照锡伯营八旗屯种之制,按名分给地亩,永为世业;设立公仓,囤积余粮,以备灾荒;设置官铺,发商生息;设置恩益当、恩恤当、恩济库、恩恤库,筹集鳏寡孤独养赡之资,为清政府解决新疆满营八旗的生计问题起到了很好的示范作用。

Xibo soldiers were sent to Yili , Xinjiang northwest border for garrison during Qianlong Period in Qing Dy-nasty, whom were treated with salary without food .They had no choice but growing by themselves in order to solve food de-ficiency problem .In this article , the author probes into the approach Man soldiers followed suit with Xibo soldiers to solve their problems in a variety of fields .