民族地区草地家庭承包经营法律制度之检讨

Review of Household Contracting Management on Grassland in Ethnic Minority Areas

现阶段我国在民族地区所推行的草地承包经营制度仍然是以农区耕地家庭承包经营为基础的分散经营模式。从实施效果来看,其并不利于生态保护和牧民持续增收。联户经营是能够兼顾生产效益和生态保护的最优制度选择,虽然在《草原法》中有所规定,但是并没有被地方政府推行土地承包时作为典型形态加以利用。国家和地方政府在推行草地利用制度时不宜进行整齐划一的家庭承包经营,而应当尊重民族地区牧民的集体选择和草地经营的特殊性,在法律制度完善时适度开放草地经营的主体范围和经营方式。

The system of grassland contracting management in ethnic minority areas is based on the decentralized household contract management in agricultural areas .From the practical point of view , this model is not beneficial to the ecological protection and increasing income of herdsmen .The jointing household ’ s management is able to balance produc-tion efficiency and ecological protection , which is the optimal choice for herdsmen .However, it is not the typical form in the Grassland Law and has not been implemented by the local government .Considering the particularity of grassland man-agement , national law and local government should respect the collective choice of herdsmen and continue to perfect the le -gal system of household ’ s management.