温州市外来务工人员肺结核健康教育需求及传播策略的调查

Investigation on Health Education Demand and Communication Strategy of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Immigrant Workers in Wenzhou

目的调查温州市外来务工人员肺结核健康教育需求现状,分析其影响因素,为制定针对性的传播宣教策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段抽样的方法,于2013年1-10月对温州市640名建筑行业和餐饮行业的外来务工人员进行问卷调查,回收有效问卷612份,调查内容包括一般情况,肺结核病防治相关知识、态度及行为,肺结核健康教育需求及实施策略的偏好。结果外来务工人员肺结核防治相关知识总知晓率为52.7%,全部知晓率仅为9.89%。有75.6%的被调查者表示害怕与肺结核患者交往;45.1%的被调查者表示如果患上肺结核病,不愿意让别人知道;78.7%的被调查者表示如果持续咳嗽、咳痰2周以上,他们会立即去医院看病,但仅有19.1%的人选择结核病防治机构、结核病定点医院或当地疾病预防控制中心。餐饮行业人员的肺结核病防治相关知识得分高于建筑行业人员(P<0.05);文化程度和月收入情况与肺结核防治相关知识、态度及行为得分呈正相关(P<0.05)。91.5%(560/612)的调查对象表示有必要接受肺结核相关知识教育,且对教育内容、活动形式、施教者等有较显示的偏好。结论温州市外来务工人员在肺结核防治相关知识、态度、行为方面存在不足,要加强该人群的肺结核健康教育工作,采用多样化传播策略,如微信平台面对面健康教育、科普知识讲座等宣教方式。

Objective To investigate current status of health education demand and communication strategy of pulmonary tuberculosis among immigrant workers in Wenzhou,and to analyze the influencing factor and to provide the basis for making targeted communication strategies.Methods By using layer random sampling,questionnaire surveys was conducted on 640 construction and catering industry immigrant workers,and receive 612 feedbacks. The research content includes general situation,pulmonary tuberculosis relevant prevention knowledge,attitude and behavior,pulmonary tuberculosis health education demand and preference of knowledge acquiring pathway.Results 52.7% of the participants had knowledge of pulmonary tuberculosis,only 9.89% knew all of that.75.6% claimed that their fear to associate with pulmonary tuberculosis patient,45.1% said that they were not willing to tell others about the disease.78.7% of participants would go to hospital after they had a bad cough for two weeks or more. Only 19.1% would select pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and control institution.Comparison showed that the catering industry was higher than that of the construction industry in pulmonary tuberculosis prevention relevant knowledge score （P 〈0.05）.Education background and monthly income were positively correlated with the score of pulmonary tuberculosis prevention relevant knowledge,attitude and behavior （P 〈0.05）.91,5%（560/612）partici-pants claimed that it was necessary to receive pulmonary tuberculosis prevention relevant knowledge,and they had preference towards education content,activity format and educators.Conclusion The pulmonary tuberculosis prevention relevant knowledge,attitude and behavior are lack in immigrant workers in Wenzhou,so it is necessary to strengthen the health education work,to take multiple communication strategy including face-to-face health education on Wechat platform,popular science lectures and other health education activities.