实习护生健康教育能力现状分析与对策

Current analysis and strategy of health education competence among nursing students

目的通过调查实习护生健康教育能力现状，了解影响护生健康教育能力的因素，对如何提高护生健康教育能力提出建议和对策。方法采用整群抽样法从杭州市抽取10家三甲医院，采用自行设计的问卷，对1071名护生进行问卷调查。结果实习护生健康教育能力总分为（156．73±16．73）分。评估维度、计划维度、执行维度、评价维度条目评分分别为（3．94±0．43），（3．93±0．47），（3．92±0．48），（3．88±0．51）分。4个维度均未达到“基本符合”水平。影响实习护生健康教育能力的因素中，不同性别、年龄、开设《医学统计学》、教师在专业课程中提及健康教育内容，对护生的健康教育能力影响差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；不同学历、在校成绩、开设健康教育相关课程和《护理研究》、在校参与健康教育活动、实习中参与健康教育培训以及带教老师传授健康教育知识和技巧对护生的健康教育能力影响差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。且经LSD检验，除教师在专业课程中提及健康教育内容这一因素外，回答“是”的护生其健康教育能力与回答“否”的护生相比，其健康教育能力更强，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论实习护生健康教育能力总体水平偏低。为提高实习护生的健康教育能力，针对《护理研究》课程进行改革，护理院校和实习医院应为护生提供健康教育实践机会，实习医院应明确临床带教老师的准入标准和职责。

Objective To investigate the status of health education competency in nursing students, probe into the factors affected the nursing students, and propose the suggestion about how to improve the competency of health education of nursing students. Methods A cluster sampling method had been used to extract 1 071 nursing students from 10 hospitals in Hangzhou, and self-designed questionnaire were utilized.Results The total score of nursing students＇ health education competency was （ 156.73 ± 16. 73 ）. The dimension of assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation＇ scores were （3.94 ±0. 43）, （3.93 ± 0.47 ）, （3.92 ± 0.48）, （3.88 ± 0.51 ）. All 4 dimensions, did not achieve ＂the line of basic＂. In influencing factors of education competence in nursing students, different gender, ages and ＇medical statistics＇ had no impact on education competence in nursing students （ P 〉 0.05 ） ; different education background, school performance, and the course of ＇ Health education ＇ and ＇ Nursing research ＇ , the relevant health education contents in specialized course mentioned by tutor, the health education activities in the school, health education knowledge and skills in internship affected health education competence （ P 〈 0.05 ）. By the examination of LSD, the students answered ＂Yes＂ instead of ＂No＂ having more health education competence except health education content mentioned by tutor at specialized course. Conclusions Nursing students＇ health education competency level is low. In order to improve the nursing students＇ health education competency, ＇Nursing research＇ course should be reformed, nursing colleges and training hospital should provide health education for nurse students practice opportunities. Training hospital should clear the access standards and responsibilities of the clinical teacher.