米芾“集古字”与“二王”摹本的关系及意义

Significance and Relationship Between Mi Fu's“Jiguzi”and Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi's Facsimile

虽然米芾在"集古字"的过程中转益多师,但总的来说,米芾"集古字"可以分为两个阶段,32岁之前是"广泛集古"阶段,其后进入"定向集古"阶段,并开辟了一种新的"临古—集古—通变"的学习方式,即"以我为主学古人"。米芾"集古字"有三个层次的意义,其一是集"字",其二是集"方法",其三是集"文化"。而"定向集古"阶段的主要取法对象是"二王"为代表的魏晋书法,在此过程中,米芾"集古字"不仅促进了"二王"法帖的鉴藏、摹刻与传播,也保证了"二王"法脉的传承,对其后的书法发展产生了深远的影响。

Mi Fu learned from other masters in the process of creating ＂Jiguzi＂, which could be classified into two periods： broad sucking before he was 32 years old, then ＂directional Jigu＂, opening a new learning style of ＂copy - accumulation - transformation＂, that is, learning from the ancients based on self - centered style. Mi Fu＇ s ＂Jiguzi＂ conveyed three meanings ： first, the character itself; second, the method ; third, the culture. The object for the ＂directional Jigu＂ is the calligraphy in Wei -Jin Dynasty, represented by Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi. Mi Fu＇ s ＂Jiguzi＂ promoted the collection, carving and the wide spread of writing scripts of ＂Two Wangs＂, and en- sured the inheritance of Two Wangs＇ calligraphy styles, which produced great influence on the later development of calligraphy.