中国现代文学史编纂学的过去、现在与未来

The Past, Present and Future of the Compilatory Studies of Modern Chinese Literary History

中国现代文学史的编写发轫于 2 0世纪 2 0年代。最初为新文学撰史的人都是将新文学作为与旧文学的传统相对照的一个新的传统而加以树立和总结的。 2 0世纪 30年代是新文学史编撰的一个高潮。 50年代新文学史编纂具有以下特点 :新文学史成为国家的意识形态 ,成为一门新的学科 ,由国家统一制定教学计划 ,并出现了普遍的集体编纂文学史的群众运动。集体编写的出现和 50年代出现的各种新文学史著作被批判和排斥的过程 ,正是“现代文学史”和“当代文学史”实际诞生的过程。 80年代 ,在文学主体性和文学本体论讨论的背景下 ,文学史编写者要求把文学史从政治革命史的附庸中解脱出来 ,要求从审美的立场重建文学史 ,拓展了 2 0世纪中国文学史的研究。这一研究工作目前仍在延续中。

The compiling of modern Chinese literary history started in the 1920s. Originally, all the editors and compilers, who tried to write about the history of the New Literature, considered it as a kind of new tradition in contrast to the Old Literature. In the 1930s the compilatory work for the history of the New Literature reached one of its heights, and in the 1950s it was characterized by the following factors: it was a representation of national ideology; it became a new discipline of which the unified teaching program was developed by the state government; it brought about a widespread mass movement for collective editing and compiling of literary history. As a matter of fact, the emergence of collective compilation, and the criticisms on a wide range of the 1950s' writings on the history of the New Literature proved to be a process, which practically induced the birth of Modern Literary History and Contemporary Literary History. In the 1980s, influenced by the then discussions on literary subjectivity and identity, the editors and compilers proposed that literary history be freed from the history of political revolution and reconstructed from the perspective of aesthetics, which provided wider scope for continuing the studies on Chinese literary history of the twentieth century.