记忆、展示与凝视:乡村文化遗产保护与旅游发展协同研究

Memory,Display and Gaze: A Research on the Synergy of Protection and Utilization about Rural Cultural Heritages

社会变革的加速、文化思潮的演进和大众需求的转向使乡村文化遗产保护与利用的协同呈现为当前迫切的问题。本文吸收文化记忆等理论,建立起乡村遗产的"文化记忆-展示-凝视"模型,认为,乡村文化记忆是文化展示的基础,乡村遗产的主题化展示为凝视确立了具体的视觉焦点,文化凝视又以获取文化记忆为旨归。继而,在城市与乡村的结构张力下,本文从主人与客人、实践与表征、历时与共时的双重维度考察了乡村遗产的主体、性质和构成。本文并以鲁西南3个典型村落为例,从记忆符号梳理、展示主题定位和凝视目标强化等方面,构建起乡村遗产保护利用的实现路径,提出乡村遗产保护与利用模型、乡村地方感培育、乡村文化记忆载体化及遗产"展示-凝视"模式等建议。

With the acceleration of social changes, the evolution of cultural thoughts and the turning of public demands, the synergy of protection and utilization of rural cultural heritage has become a pressing problem. Absorbing the theory of cultural memory, this article established the model of ＂ cultural memory, display and gaze＂ about rural heritage, and thought that rural cultural memory is the basis of cultural display. The thematization of display points out that the visual focus of cultural gaze and the purpose of cultural gaze are to obtain cultural memory. Then under urban and rural tension structures, the authors analyzed the body, nature, form and purpose of rural heritage from dual- dimensions of host and guest, practice and representation, diachronic and synchronic, as well as protection and utilization, and put forward three principles of protection and utilization of rural heritage namely ： shaping a new type view of value about rural heritage, creating the sense of place of country, and reinforcing carriers of rural cultural memories. They chose three villages in southwest Shandong Province as a case study, and indicated that realization paths of rural heritage protection and utilization by combining symbols of memory, positioning themes of display and strengthening targets of gaze.