2010—2013年北京市居民主要死因的寿命损失分析

Analysis on the Main Causes of Death and Life Lost among Residents in Beijing between 2010 and 2013

目的分析和评价2010—2013年主要死因对北京市居民寿命损失的影响,以期为提高居民期望寿命提供科学依据。方法通过去死因期望寿命、潜在寿命损失年和潜在工作损失年等指标对2010—2013年北京市居民主要死因的寿命损失进行分析。结果 2010—2013年北京市居民平均死亡率为606.97/10万,平均期望寿命81.20岁,造成居民期望寿命损失的主要死因是心脏病、恶性肿瘤和脑血管病,去除这3种死因后居民期望寿命分别可增加4.78岁、3.75岁和3.66岁。前3位潜在寿命损失年和潜在工作损失年均为恶性肿瘤(925 279人年,292 438人年)、心脏病(525 735人年,143 163人年)和脑血管病(451 965人年,114 373人年);前3位平均潜在寿命损失年和平均潜在工作损失年均为损伤和中毒(19.81年,10.28年),传染病(16.01年,6.76年),神经系统疾病(12.79年,6.16年)。结论恶性肿瘤、心脏病和脑血管病是造成北京市居民期望寿命损失的主要原因,损伤和中毒、传染病和神经系统疾病是造成低年龄组人口寿命和工作年数损失的主要死因。

OBJECTIVE The study assessed the primary causes of death among residents in Beijing from 2010 to 2013 and their influ- ences on loss of life expectancy of the residents. METHODS Excel 2003 was used to calculate and analyze the indexes such as years of potential life lost, work years of potential life lost, average years of life lost, and the average work years of potential life lost among the residents. RESULTS The mortality rate among residents in Beijing from 2010 to 2013 was 606.97/100 000. The average life expectancy was 81.20 years, After removal of heart disease, malignant tumor, cerebrovascular disease, the average life expec- tancy increase of 4.78 years, 3.75 years and 3.66 years respectively. The top three causes for the potential years of life lost（PYLL） and work years of potential life lost（WPYLL） were malignant tumor（925 279 person-years, 292 438 person-years）, heart disease （525 735 person- years, 143 163 person- years）, cerebrovascular disease（451 965 person-years, 114 373 person-years）. The top three causes for the average years of life lost（AYLL） and average work years of potential life lost（AWYLL） were injury and poison- ing（19.81 years, 10.28 years）, infectious diseases（16.01 years, 6.76 years）, diseases of the nervous system（12.79 years, 6.16 years）. CONCLUSION Malignant tumor, heart disease and cerebrovascular disease were the main causes of loss of life expectancy of Beiji residents. Injury and poisoning, infectious diseases and diseases of the nervous system were the leading causes of loss the life and working years in the low age group population.