襄阳市2009—2013年肾综合征出血热流行病学调查分析

Epidemiologic Investigation and Analysis of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Xiangyang from 2009 to 2013

目的分析襄阳市2009—2013年肾综合征出血热（hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,HFRS）流行病学特征,判断疾病发展趋势,为制定防控对策提供科学依据。方法收集襄阳市2009—2013年HFRS人间疫情资料和宿主动物监测资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果襄阳市2009—2013年间全市共发生HFRS病例273例,年均发病率为1.02/10万,死亡12例,年均病死率为0.04/10万;10~12月份为发病高峰,占总发病人数的42.49%;男性发病高于女性,男女之比为3.55∶1;农民发病215例,占发病总数的78.75%;发病年龄在20~49岁年龄组发病人数为201例,占报告发病总数的73.63%;临床以发热、起病急和头痛为主要症状;实验室诊断率为76.56%;野外以黑线姬鼠为优势种,室内以褐家鼠为优势种。结论对流行地区采取综合性预防措施,包括疾病监测、灭鼠防鼠、健康教育以及应用疫苗等措施,能够有效降低发病率,保护人群身体健康。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiologic features of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome（HFRS） in Xiangyang from 2009 to 2013, judge the development trend of the disease, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control measures. METHODS Human epidemic situation data and monitoring data of host animal of HFRS in Xiangyang from 2009 to 2013 was collect- ed and statistical analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis method. RESULTS A total of 273 HFRS cases were confirmed,the average annum incidence rate was 1.02/1000 000.12 death cases were reported, the average mortality rate was 0.04/1000 000; Octo- ber to December was the peak incidence, accounting for 42.49% of the total incidence; the incidence was higher in male than female, the male to female ratio was 3.55 ： 1; 215 farmer cases were reported, accounting for 78.75% of the total incidence; 201 cases were at the age of 20 to 49 year old age group,accounting for 73.63% of the total number of reported incidence; the main clinical symptoms were fever, acute onset and headache; laboratory diagnosis rate was 76.56%; apodemus agrarius was the dominant species in the field, rattus norvegicus was the dominant species of indoor. CONCLUSION To take comprehensive measures of prevention, including dis- ease monitoring, rodent control, health education and the application of vaccine and other measures, could effectively reduce the inci- dence of disease and protect people＇ s health.