预控顶下向中深孔逐孔起爆采矿工艺

Pre-control under the Top to Medium-depth Hole-by-hole Detonation Technology of Mining

对于矿岩条件不稳固,局部矿石条件较为破碎的地下矿山,为保证顶板安全,多采用小进路分层充填采矿法进行采矿,高度、宽度一般控制在4 m左右;但这种采矿方法矿房断面尺寸小,凿岩爆破效率低,严重制约着矿山产能。为探索更加安全高效的采矿方式,在首先保证顶板围岩安全的前提下,通过不断探索尝试,借鉴露天矿山下向采矿爆破模式和高精度逐孔起爆技术,在井下矿山采用预控顶下向中深孔逐孔起爆工艺,并获得成功。这种作业方式由于在爆破前预先对采场顶板及两帮进行大范围支护,保证了后续作业工序人员安全;矿房尺寸断面增大后,矿房爆破效率大幅提升,单体矿房产能显著提高;同时下向中深孔凿岩使凿岩效率提高,人员劳动强度降低,作业环境得到明显改善。

For the unstable ore rock conditions of much broken ores in local underground mine, and in order to ensure thesafety of mining roof, the small drift slicing cut and fill stoping is adopted, and the mining height and width is generally con-trolled at 4 m. Due to its mall section size of the room and low efficiency in rock blasting, this stoping method seriously restrict-ed the production capacity. In order to explore a more safe and efficient mining method, and ensure the safety of roof rock, at-tempts a lot by referring to the downward blasting method in open-pit mine and the high precision hole-by-hole blasting tech-nique. Then,the downward medium-height hole-by-hoe denotation process with pre-control roof for underground mine is pro-posed and cumulated in success. Due to large scale support on stope roof and sidewalls before blasting, this process can ensurethe follow-up working procedure and personnel security. As the stope section size increases,the blasting efficiency increases,and the capacity of single room improves significantly. At the same time, the downward medium height drilling makes the effi-ciency increased, the labor intensity of workers reduced, and the working environment improved obviously.