基于事态判断的被动表达与新型语义被字结构的产生

Expression of Passive Sentences Based on Justification of Event Occurrence and New Semantics with“Bei+X”Structure

被动句包括意念被动句和被字句,一直是汉语研究的热点之一,并已取得丰硕成果。被动事件的表达决定于汉语使用者对事件的"正常—异常"判断,异常事件倾向于采用被字结构,而正常事件一般采用意念被动句。异常事件被字结构的语义特征具有双重性:显性的遭受义和隐性的认定义。在"被时代"语境下,近几年出现了新型被字结构"被+X",从形式上突破了传统被字结构的"被+及物动词"形式。显性的遭受义使得形容词、名词和不及物动词可能进入被字结构,而认定义的显性化,使得大量新型认定义被字结构产生。这种新型被字结构是在遵循句法—语义相宜性原则基础上产生的。

Passive sentence including concept passive voice and ＂Bei＂sentence and is a hot topic for Chinese studies which get rich results. Expression of Chinese passives is based on the Chinese speaker＇s justifica- tion of event occurrence as regular or irregular events. Irregular event usually uses passive character ＂Bei＂ as passive expression, while the regular event tends to be a passive voice without the passive character. The semantics interpretation of irregular event associated with the passive character has explicit suffering and implicit recognizing meanings. In current language environment preferring to use passive character, i. e. , ＂Bei Age＂, passive expression of explicit suffering meaning goes with adjective, noun and transitive verb. Accordingly, the dominance expression of implicit recognizing meaning creates a lot of new type rec- ognizing meaning＂Bei＋X＂ structure.