孙中山和平思想解析

An Analysis of Sun Yat-sen's Thought of Peace

孙中山的和平思想包含在他的政治思想中。解读孙中山的和平思想有利于全面认识孙中山的政治主张和革命经历。孙中山和平思想的产生,其一源于他青少年时期接受的基督教博爱思想的教育;其二源于中国传统道德仁爱思想的浸润。孙中山开始从事政治活动时,首先把和平改良作为斗争的手段,尽管国内严峻的政治形势迫使他不得不转而主要采取武装斗争的形式进行革命,但是当条件适宜和有益于民族大义的情况下,他还会采用和平的方式。例如南京临时政府成立后,孙中山平和辞职,通过选举程序让总统位于袁世凯。孙中山的和平思想不仅体现在和平手段上,也体现在和平建国的政治目标上。在孙中山看来,只有实践三民主义才能实现和平国家,和平国家的政体设计为五权宪法。因此,三民主义成为和平思想的根基,五权宪法成为实现和平国家的制度建构。谨以此文纪念孙中山逝世90周年。

Sun Yat-sen＇s thought of peace is included in his political thoughts. An interpretation of Sun Yat-sen＇s thought of peace is conducive to a comprehensive understanding of Sun Yat-sen＇s political ideas and his revolutionary experience. Sun Yat-sen＇s thought of peace is resulted from the Christian fraternity thought education he accepted in his youth; and also resulted from the Chinese traditional moral benevolent thoughts infiltrated in his mind. When Sun Yat-sen began to engage in political activities, he put the peaceful reform as means of the struggle at first. The grim political situation forced him to turn to pick up the armed struggle as the main form of the revolution, but when the condition is suitable and is beneficial to the national interests, he also adopted the peaceful way. For example, when the interim government of Nanjing established, Sun Yat-sen resigned in the peaceful way and gave the position of president to Yuan Shi-kai by the election procedures. Sun Yat-sen＇s thought of peace is not only reflected in the peaceful means, is also reflected in the political goals of peaceful national founding. Ifl Sun Yat-sen＇s view, the practice of the three people＇s principles is the only way to achieve the peaceful nation, which the five-pow- er constitution is the regime. Therefore, the Concept of Three People＇s Principles is the theory foundation of the thought of peace , the five-power constitution is the system construction to achieve the peaceful thought. We memorize the ninetieth anniversary of the death of Sun Yat-sen by this article.