梯级水电站群长期发电优化调度多核并行机会约束动态规划方法

Multi-core Parallel Chance Constrained Dynamic Programming for Long-term Generation Operation of Cascaded Reservoirs

随着巨型梯级水电站群陆续竣工,水电在电力系统中的比例进一步提升,极端干旱天气对电力系统的安全性影响越来越大。为此,提出同时考虑系统发电保证率和出力破坏深度的梯级水电站群长期发电优化调度多核并行机会约束动态规划方法。该方法将发电保证率和出力破坏深度约束处理成余留效益函数中的拉格朗日项和惩罚项,应用Fork/Join多核并行框架实现单时段内所有离散变量组合并行求解。通过动态更新的拉格朗日乘子和惩罚系数迭代生成多组调度规则,根据模拟调度结果选取最优调度规则。以澜沧江下游梯级水电站群为研究背景,在不同配置环境下开展方法验证,得到的调度规则可以同时满足保证率和破坏深度控制要求,且计算耗时大幅度缩减,为更深入了解梯级水电站群调度运行规律提供更高效的手段。

With the gradual construction of huge cascaded reservoirs, the proportion of hydroelectric has become even larger in power systems, and the extreme drought climate which can easily lead to extreme failure has produced a more serious impact on the security of cascaded reservoirs and power systems. For this reason, with consideration of system reliability and extreme failure, a multi-core parallel chance constrained dynamic programming （MPCCDP） was proposed for long-term generation operation of cascaded reservoirs. In the proposed approach, the system reliability and extreme failure constraint were embedded in the recursion equation as Lagrangian term and penalty term respectively, and a multi-core parallel framework named Fork/Join was applied for parallelization of the proposed approach in which all combinations of variables for solution of recursion equation at any stage can be parallelized. By continually updating Lagrangian multiplier and penalty coefficient, a variety of operating rules were generated, and then the simulation results were used to select the optimal operating rule. The proposed method was implemented to generation operation of cascaded reservoirs located on the lower stream of Lancang River, and two diverse configurations were used to test the parallel performance. The results show that the proposed method can obtain the satisfactory operating rule. Moreover, the execution time in parallel is substantially cut down, which provides a more efficient means to research on the operating rules of cascaded reservoirs.