城市化进程对湖南长株潭地区气温变化的影响

Impact of Urbanization on Air Temperature Change in the Changsha- Zhuzhou- Xiangtan Region of Hu'nan

利用1961~2012年湖南省长株潭地区8个气象站的逐日气温观测数据,以郊区站作为背景场,分析了长株潭地区城市化对年和季平均气温、最高气温、最低气温的影响,在此基础上结合1990年代后长沙市人口、GDP及建成区面积,探讨了城市化进程与城乡温差的关系。结果表明：近52 a来长株潭地区呈现增温趋势,年平均气温、最高气温、最低气温的城市化影响贡献率分别为24.0%、21.2%、15.2%,城市化对长株潭地区年平均气温影响最大,年最高气温次之,年最低气温影响最小。城市化贡献率的最大值都出现在夏季,而其最小值平均气温和最低气温出现在冬季,最高气温出现在春季。城乡温差与长沙市人口、GDP呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.69、0.41,表明城市化进程对城区的气温变化有显著影响。

Based on the daily air temperature data of 8 meteorological observation stations in the Changsha - Zhuzhou - Xiangtan region of Hu＇ nan Province from 1961 to 2012, the effects of urbanization on seasonal and annual mean, maximum and minimum temperature were analyzed through suburban station as background field, firstly. Then combined the population, GDP and build - up area in Chan- gsha after the 1990s, the relationship between urbanization and difference of air temperature between urban and rural was discussed. The results showed that temperature had an obvious increase trend in the Changsha - Zhuzhou - Xiangtan region during 1961 - 2012, the effect of urbanization was significant on climate warming, and the contribution of urbanization to warming of annual mean, maximum and minimum temperature accounted for 24.0% , 21.2% , 15.2% respectively. Therefore, the impact of urbanization in the Changsha - Zhuzhou - Xiangtan region on annual average temperature was the most, while on annual minimum temperature was the least. Moreo- ver, the contributions of urbanization to all temperature in summer were the most, while that to average and minimum temperature in winter and maximum temperature in spring were the least. There were significantly positive correlations between urbanization and population, GDP, and coefficients were 0.69 and 0.41 respectively, which indicated that the urbanization process had a remarkable influence on temperature change in urban.