适应于绿色建筑的环境设计与模拟的虚拟风洞试验的应用与实践

Virtual Wind Tunnel Testing Application and Practices for Green Building Environment Design

本文针对现代绿色建筑的环境设计要求介绍了流体热力学相关的环境设计中所需考虑的一些问题。由于此类环境问题常常涉及较大型建筑的内外空间,使得试验和验证在技术上实现起来会比较困难,或不能在所需的时间或有限的费用内得以实现。因此,一个具有一定工程应用精度的模拟系统就成为工程设计应用中可以依赖的、可靠和不可或缺的新手段。以计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics)为基础的虚拟风洞试验结合适当的实验室物理风洞试验验证的工程实践已经证明:一个基于符合特别技术要求的,并具有与项目设计相适应的、有较高的准确度和生产效率的虚拟风洞已经能够提供绿色建筑环境设计相关的绝大部分环境设计模拟的需求。其能力业已包括了新的国家绿色建筑评价标准GB/T50378-2014所要求的,以及新标准中尚未要求的,但在国际上先进绿色建筑设计中逐渐普遍采用的内容和事项。本文以表格的形式归纳了可以通过虚拟风洞试验进行的那些国家绿色建筑评价标准所涉及的项目,以及这些项目与一些可以将环境设计进一步提高和拓展到更广泛、更高质量的其他试验项目的关系,及其融合来解决三个层面的任务。最后以几个例子说明现代建筑设计中可能出现的环境问题,说明前期重视、及时发现和解决潜在的环境问题是十分重要的。

Some necessary considerations about thermal-fluid dynamics related environment design of green buildings are described.In most cases, the environmental problems concerned in building design are dealing with larger building spaces, which appears that a physical testing or verification of a theoretical /norm calculation becomes technically difficult or unrealistic due to the allowed time or budget of the project.Therefore, as a new tool, a simulation system with acceptable engineering accuracy and precision will play an essential and reliable role to facilitate environmental design for green building.A significant engineering practices with computational fluid dynamics based virtual wind tunnel has proved that such a system with specially designed features, functions, validated accuracies and productivities can fulfill most of the required tasks in green building environment design.These requirements include the newly issued China national standard GB/T 50378-2014：Assessment standard for green building, some local green building assessment standards and also those have been used in green building in other countries but have not yet adopted by those current new standards in China.The items related to the Assessment standard for green building, which can be simulated and tested by virtual wind tunnel, are summarized in the paper.The relationships be-tween these items and the others that can further support higher quality environment design are discussed in forms with comparison, to re-solve problems in three levels.Some examples that experienced environmental issues in modern building design are given to address the im-portance of discovering and resolving environmental problem in early stage.