生产率与企业出口——基于辽宁省工业企业微观数据的实证研究

Productivity and the Enterprise Export——Empirical Analysis Based on Industrial Firm-Level Data of Liaoning Province

近期部分学者发现的中国企业出口“生产率悖论”问题，可能是加工贸易比重过高导致的。为此文章选择加工贸易比重较低的辽宁省作为检验对象，对2003~2008年间持续存在的2644家规模以上制造业企业数据进行面板数据分析，发现“生产率悖论”在该地区并不存在，高生产率是企业出口的决定因素，同时所有制性质、企业规模、市场进入成本等也会影响出口。针对人均利润、人均应收账款等方面的对比还发现，国内信用制度较差、交易成本过高也可能导致了中国企业“被迫出口”。

Some scholars have found that the issue of ＂productivity paradox＂ in China may be caused by high proportion of processing trade. We selected Liaoning Province as the analysis sample of the reason for lower proportion of processing trade in this region. Using panel data of 2644 firms which existed between 2003 and 2008, we find that ＂productivity paradox＂ does not exist, and the higher productivity is the main determinant of export. Meanwhile, the ownership, firm size and market entry costs will also influence export. The compar- ison of profit per capita and accounts revealed that the poor credit system and high transaction costs may also lead to some firms in China which are ＂forced to export＂.