海洋油污染纯粹经济损失赔偿标准探究

Research on Compensation Standard for Pure Economic Loss of Marine Oil Pollution

海洋油污染纯粹经济损失的赔偿标准,是海洋油污染纯粹经济损失赔偿机制的重要内容,它不仅关系到赔偿范围的大小,也影响着索赔人是否获得合理的赔偿。对于其赔偿标准,我国立法的操作性不强,而国外立法及司法实践提出了"可预见性"、"直接性"、"全面赔偿"等标准,国际油污损害赔偿基金与国际海事委员会提出了"近因性"原则。在与域外立法及司法实践进行比较研究的基础上,可以发现我国的相关立法还存在诸多的不足。对此,我国的立法可以在借鉴并吸收域外立法关于海洋油污染纯粹经济损失赔偿标准有益成分的基础上,建立合理近因性的赔偿标准,确立其考虑的因素,明确赔偿标准的证明内容,从而规范海洋油污染纯粹经济损失的赔偿范围,使索赔人得到合理的赔偿。

Compensation standard for pure economic loss of marine oil pollution is an important content of com- pensation mechanism of pure economic loss of marine oil pollution, which relates not only to the size of com- pensation scope, but also affects whether a claimant gets reasonable compensation claim. As for compensation standard, Chinese legislation provides some principled provisions, which are short of strong operability, but the overseas legislation and judicial practice proposed the concrete standard of ＂predictability＂, ＂substantivity＂, and ＂full compensation＂. International Convention on Oil Pollution Compensation Fund and International Mari- time Committee proposed the principle of ＂proximate cause＂. On the basis of comparative study with extraterri- torial legislation and judicial practice, it finds that there is still insufficiency in Chinese legislation. Therefore, Chinese legislation should learn from and absorb beneficial components of extraterritorial legislation on compen- sation standard for pure economic loss of marine oil pollution, establish the compensation standard of reasona- ble predictability, and should specify the certificate content of compensation standard, so as to regulate the compensation scope for pure economic loss of marine oil pollution and enable claimant to get reasonable compen- sation.