美国农场政策性信贷法律制度的借鉴和启示--基于美国《农业和农村联合发展法案》的研究

The U. S. Farm Policy Credit Legal System and Its Implications for China:Based on the “Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act”

2013年中央一号文件首次确立了家庭农场是我国新型农业经营主体。目前我国家庭农场的发展处于起步阶段,信贷是其发展过程中面临的一个重要问题。美国家庭农场经过长期发展形成了商业性信贷、合作性信贷和政府信贷相互配合的信贷体系,对家庭农场的信贷提供了有力的金融支持。2013年美国新农业法案颁布,对《农业和农村联合发展法案》中的家庭农场政府信贷法律制度进行了修改完善,法案中的贷款分类制度、风险控制制度、新晋农场主和社会弱势农场主扶持制度等对我国家庭农场信贷法律制度的构建有很大的启示意义。

The 2013 Chinese NO. 1 center document established the family farm is a new agricultural management subject in china. At present, the development of family farms in China is still at the starting stage, and credit is an important issue existing in this development process. Compared with America , after a long-term period of development, the American fam- ily farm has formed a system made up of commercial credit, cooperative credit and government credit. They cooperate with each other and provide strong support to the family farm credit. The ＂Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act＂ is re- vised by the new promulgated American 2013 farm bill. The loan classification system, risk control system and beginning farmers and socially disadvantaged farmers support systems have great enlightenment for China construction of the family farm credit legal system.