失独父母的自我拯救和社会拯救

Self-rescue and Society-rescue the Parents Losing the Only Child

独生子女家庭面临的失独风险包括了内源性风险和外源性风险。失独带来三大"欠缺":一是核心家庭结构的残缺;二是精神情感生活的痛缺;三是老年生活照顾的空缺。"广义失独"既包括了"绝对失独家庭"和"相对失独家庭",也包括了"事实失独家庭"和"潜在失独家庭"。自我拯救首先要接受事实,其次要告别过去,再次要重建生活。社会拯救的实质是对"唯一性风险"的国家补偿和老有所养全方位支持。"失独"的性质属于"政策性失独",而非"选择性失独"。计生政策需要负责的不是死亡的风险,而是唯一的风险。建议将"扶助"改为"补偿",立法保障失独老人的生命尊严和生活质量。

The one-child family faces the risk of losing the only child, consists of inner risk and external one. It is losing the only child caused three disadvantages, that they are incomplete the nuclear family structure, missing the normal spirit life and losing support to their eldly life. The term ＂generalized losing the only child＂ not only includes the absolute/relative losing the only child family, but also contains the real/potential ones. In order to realize self-rescue, target family needs to accept the fact at first, break away with the past, and then rebuild new lives. The essence of society-rescue is to provide state compensation and full supports to these families. The character of ＂lossing the only child＂ belongs to policy-induced rather than selective loss. The only one child policy needs to take full responsibility to the risk of ＂only one＂ but death. The author suggests using ＂compensation＂ instead of ＂helpping＂, and protect the involved elderly＇s life sanctity and quality through legislation in the end.