青少年田径运动员赛前竞赛状态焦虑的调查分析

A survey and investigation on the competition state anxiety of adolescent track athletes

对参加2013年河南省青少年田径锦标赛暨河南省第12届运动会青少年田径资格赛975名运动员进行《竞赛状态焦虑问卷》(CSAI—2)测量和研究,结果发现:(1)女性运动员比男性运动员的认知状态焦虑和躯体状态焦虑要高,而在状态自信心上则低于男性运动员;(2)不同年龄的运动员在认知状态焦虑、状态自信心上呈非常显著性差异(P<0.01),在躯体状态焦虑上存在显著性差异(P<0.05);(3)运动等级高的运动员比赛的正确认识和心理调节能力好于运动等级低的运动员,在认知状态焦虑和躯体状态焦虑上低于运动等级低的运动员,在状态自信心上高于后者;(4)训练年限长的躯体焦虑和认知焦虑程度明显低于训练年限短的球员,自信心也明显偏高,长年科学系统的训练对青少年田径运动员心理成长的作用非常明显;(5)不同竞赛项目运动员和是否在比赛中兼项的运动员竞赛状态焦虑水平各维度没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。

This article measures and researches 975 athletes who participated in adolescent track qualifying in 12th games of Henan Province by CSAI-2. The result shows：（1）female athletes have higher cognitive anxiety and somatic-state anxiety than male,while have lower self-confidence;（2）it has significant differences in cognitive anxiety,somatic-state anxiety and self-confidence among different ages;（3）athletes in high grade do better in ability of correct understanding and mental regulation than in low grade,have lower cognitive anxiety and somatic-state anxiety and have higher self-confidence than low grades;（4）cognitive anxiety and somatic-state anxiety of athletes who exercise longer are lower obviously than shorters,and self-confidence is higher too,it has a very obvious effect to have a scientific system of training for years for the mental growth of adolescent track athletes;（5） athletes in different competitive events or whether of simultaneous entry have no significant differences in competition state anxiety（P〉0.05）.