论“中国经验”的祛魅写作——以波伏瓦、克里斯蒂娃为例

Demystifying China: Simone de Beauvoir's The Long March and Julia Kristeva's Chinese Women

1955年9月,波伏瓦和萨特应邀来新中国访问,回国后波伏瓦写了《长征—中国纪行》。1974年4月,克里斯蒂娃跟随由《原样》杂志社同仁组成的法国作家代表团来到文革中的中国,她创作的《中国妇女》于年底付梓。同样作为对共产主义理想和社会主义建设怀揣美好遐想的法国女权主义代表人物,波伏瓦和克里斯蒂娃都从亲历的"中国经验"中得到了第一手素材,而经由写作的沉淀和思考,两人都完成了对这个东方国度在理智和情感双重层面上的"祛魅"过程。今天,反观他者眼中的中国,衡量想象和经验之间的落差,或许我们可以窥探到历史深处曾经遗失的另一面幽微的"真实"。

In September 1955, Beauvoir and Sartre were invited to visit the People＇ s Republic of China, the trip resulting in Beauvoir＇ s book The Long March： An Account of Modern China. In April 1974, Kristeva joined a delegation of French writers, mostly editors of Tel Quel, to visit China during the Cultural Revolution and her book Chinese Women came out at the end of the same year. Beauvoir and Kristeva, though both harbored idealized expectations about communism and a socialist regime before their visit, became disenchanted after their visit and contemplated, via writing, those first- hand materials they had experienced. With these two books as examples, this paper looks back at the images of China in the Other＇ s eyes and, by examining the contrast between China imagined and China experienced, probes into the depth of history to excavate some forgotten fragments of “truth”.