法学视角中的农村土地三权分离改革

Jurisprudential Assessment on the Separation Reform of the Three Types of Rights within the Farmland Property Rights

研究目的:探讨农村土地所有权、土地承包权和土地经营权的三权分离改革是否符合法学原理,研究如何推进相应的制度建设。研究方法:文献资料法,归纳演绎法,比较分析法等。研究结果:土地承包经营权不能分离为独立的土地承包权和土地经营权;土地所有权是法律概念,而土地承包权和土地经营权不是法律概念,因此农村土地三权分离存在明显的法学悖论。研究结论:法学中的权利与经济学中的产权具有较大的区别,必须在物权债权二元财产权体系中确定农村土地的权利结构。

The purpose of the paper is to analyze the separation of the three types of rights within the ownership of farmland, i.e., the contract rights, the management rights, and the general ownership. Methods employed include documentation and comparison. The paper finds that it does not conform to legal principle to divide the land contract and management rights into the separated contract rights and the management rights. The ownership is a legal concept, but the contract rights and the management rights is not, and therefore the separation of the three farmland rights have an obvious logical contradiction. Owing to the great differences between the property right in economics and the rights in law, we need to confirm the right structures of farmland in the binary system of property rights and creditor’s rights.