黑龙江省垦区居民点体系优化分析——以建三江管理局为例

Analyzing Optimization of Settlement System in the Reclamation Region of Heilongjiang Province: A Case Study of Jiansanjiang Authority

研究目的:剖析黑龙江省垦区居民点体系优化经验,总结其可供借鉴与推广价值。研究方法:以建三江管理局的七星、大兴、创业三个农场为研究区,综合运用实地考察法、空间分析法和文献调研法。研究结果:第一,经过对居民点体系的空间结构与规模结构的优化,4年内居民点个数、面积减少,促进了居民点用地的节约与集约利用,更便捷了当地居民的生产生活。第二,居民点体系优化措施包含居民点体系的空间优化、优化过程的有序组织和耗费资金的多方筹措三个方面。研究结论:清晰的土地及房屋产权、多源的融资渠道、完善的社会保障制度、农业现代化和二三产业的快速发展、各种农业附属设施的建设以及合理的路网建设是黑龙江垦区居民点体系优化进程在短期完成的保障,而广大农村地区则适宜随着农村人口结构变化、农业人口非农化、城镇化、工业化和农业现代化的稳步发展,合理引导、有序推进城乡体系优化的自然历史进程。

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the experience of settlement system optimization in the reclamation region of Heilongjiang Province, and summarize the available reference and promoting values. This paper takes Qixing, Daxing and Chuangye Farm as study areas. The methods include field research, spatial analysis and literature research. The results show that, 1 ） the number and area of settlements had decreased due to the optimization of spatial structure and scale structure of settlement system in the past four years. The conservation and intensive use of residential land had been promoted, and for local residents, the production and living were more convenient. 2） the optimize measures of settlement system includes spatial optimization of settlement system, orderly organization in the process of optimization and various financing. The conclusion is that the optimization process of settlement system should be done in a short time with the protection of clear land property rights, diverse financing channels, consummate system of social security, agricultural modernization and the rapid development of secondary and ternary industries, the construction of various agricultural ancillary facilities and a reasonable road network. The countryside may gradually move toward the optimization of urban and rural system in terms of the change of agricultural population structure, the steady development of non-agricultural rural population, urbanization, industrialization and agricultural modernization.