生态文明评价研究:内容、问题与展望

Ecological Civilization Evaluation: Contents,Problems and Prospects

生态文明评价是生态文明建设的基础性工作,因而成为理论界和各级政府关注的重要课题。生态文明评价研究的内容主要集中在生态文明评价对象、生态文明评价方法和生态文明评价指标体系等方面。生态文明评价对象从评价单元上来看,尤以省域和城市评价为主,全国性和县(市)级的评价相对较少。在评价方法上,相比较于生态足迹法、真实储蓄法和能值分析法而言,指标体系综合评价法被广泛采用,因此如何构建科学的评价指标体系成为生态文明评价研究的热点和难点,也是目前研究中分歧较大的领域。主要存在以下的问题:一是评价对象不全面,缺乏对县、乡特别是对村(社区)等更小单元的评价,缺乏根据生态系统对相关的生态区域如流域所进行的评价,也未能与主体功能区战略相协调;二是由于生态文明评价指标体系本身的复杂性、对生态文明内涵界定的不统一和生态文明建设的顶层组织制度缺失等原因,造成目前尚未出台科学规范的评价指标体系;三是未能实现与原有评价体系的有效衔接;四是权威数据的缺失与不足。针对研究中存在的上述问题,未来生态文明评价研究需要深化对生态文明内涵的研究,拓展评价对象的范围,借鉴、整合和完善国家环保部等部门原有的指标体系,加强相关数据的统计工作。

As foundational work of eco-civilization development, eco-civilization evaluation has become an important research project for both the academia and the governments at all levels. The contents of eco-civilization evaluation research mainly include objects, methods and index system of evaluation. For the object of evaluation, most evaluations are mainly implemented with a province or a big city, while few evaluations are done with the country or a county. For the method of evaluation, comprehensive index system evaluations are widely adopted compared with ecological footprint method, real deposit method or energy analysis method. Thus, how to construct a scientific evaluation index system becomes the focus as well as the difficulty of the current eco-civilization evaluation research. Although there are differences in opinion, four major problems concerned with the research exist. First, the evaluation objects are not representative with lack of the evaluation of smaller units such as a county, a village or community, and the evaluation of an ecological area, such as a drainage basin, fails to be coordinated with the major function strategies of that area. Second, there is no scientific evaluation index system due to the complexity of the system itself, the disunity of eco-civilization connotation and the lack of the top organizations for eco-civilization development. Third, the new evaluation system fails to be joined with the former evaluation system. Fourth, there are not sufficient authoritative data. To address the above problems, the future eco- civilization evaluation needs to explore the connotation of eco-civilization, expand the scope of evaluation objects, integrate and improve the former index system of the National Environmental Protection Department, and strengthen the statistic of relative data.