二战后德国环保运动之肇端与演进

Initiation and Evolution of Environmental Protection Movement in Germany After the WWⅡ

从某种意义上说,人类社会发展史本身就是一部生态文明史,而环境史则是生态文明史中不可分割的重要组成部分。作为高度发达的资本主义国家,德意志民族在生态文明建设方面不仅蕴藉了丰富的生态思想理念,也积累了大量的自然保护和环境治理经验,为人类文明发展作出了巨大贡献。这其中,德意志民族在环保运动方面也留下了许多鲜明独特、深邃丰富的思想理念和实践内容,为世界环保运动的发展作出了不可磨灭的贡献。二战后,德国经济高速发展,能源过度消耗引发大量环境问题,环保运动随之兴起,并愈演愈烈,从而导致了二十世纪七八十年代环保运动的全面爆发,并很快汇入到声势浩大的世界环保运动洪流中。由此,德国环境保护进入到一个全面综合治理的阶段,环境立法、宣传教育也随之进行,并取得了巨大成功。九十年代,积极参与国际环保事业为德国经济可持续发展迎来了契机,尤其是参与制定国际环保协议以及对其严格的承诺遵守,为德意志民族树立了良好的国际合作形象。鉴于此,本文以时间为顺序,以二战后德国重大的环保历史事件为题材,以自然、环境、技术和日耳曼人四者之间的相互作用关系为主线,串联勾勒出一个较为清晰完整的战后德国环保运动发展轮廓。研究好这些内容,总结战后德国在环保方面的成败得失,对当今我国生态文明建设无疑可提供有益的借鉴和参考。

Human history, in a sense, is one of ecological civilization, including environmental history as an indispensable part. It is well known that though Germanic nation has undergone ups and downs, it contributes greatly to the development of human civilization. Likewise, its history of ecological civilization is brilliant, in which ideologies and practices of environmental protection are endowed with distinctive and profound characteristics in every aspect of the society, which deserve to be fully explored. The paper, based on chronological order, with historic events as subject matters, and the interrelationship between nature, environment, technology, and Germanic nation as a clue, outlines the German environmental evolution after the WWII. A thorough study on the above issues helps to smnmarize losses and gains in environmental protection in Germany after the WW I], which is expected to serve as references for the ecological civilization development in China.