城市森林群落结构构建理论与景观优化途径分析

Construction Theory of Community Structure and Approaches of Landscape Optimization for Urban Forest

城市森林是人工生态系统,其功能系统能否实现良性循环依赖于人工植物群落稳定性与否。人工植物群落构建应师法自然理念,遵循近自然式景观设计、乡土化植物景观设计和保护性景观设计等相关理论。城市森林植物群落结构应体现景观观赏性与艺术性、生态服务功能以及群落组成结构合理性等多方面需求,在人工植物群落景观构建上应充分利用当地植物资源营建地域特色景观。通过模拟地带性植被特征进行科学合理配置,结合植物季相变化创造时空意境,依据不同功能要求创建适宜景观特色,并利用适宜营林措施调控群落演替,优化植物群落景观结构,营建出结构优化、功能强大、景观美化的城市森林景观。

Urban forest is an artificial ecosystem. The virtuous cycle of its function system depends on the stability of artificial plant community. The construction of artificial plant community should follow the law of nature, adopting the theories of close-to-nature, vernacular and conservative landscape design. The development of urban forest plant community should satisfy the needs of aesthetics, art, service and structure rationality. Local plants should be made full use of to design landscape of regional characteristics. To construct urban forest landscape with optimized structure, efficient function and beautiful scenery, designers should rationally allocate plants by simulating zonal vegetation characteristics, create landscape characteristics based on functional demands combined with seasonal dynamics of plants, and control community succession through appropriate silvicultural measures.