20世纪70年代日本“考试地狱”问题及其应对策略探究

Study of ＂Examination Hell＂ Problem in Japan in the 1970s and its Coping Strategies

“考试地狱”是日本教育中最严重的问题之一，它通常是指学生面对“高考”的激烈竞争而身心承受巨大压力的现象。“考试地狱”并非日本20世纪70年代的特有产物，然而伴随日本其时高等教育的大众化，日本“考试地狱”问题却愈演愈烈。深入剖析日本高等教育大众化背景下的“考试地狱”造因及日本对“考试地狱”问题的应对策略，在高等教育研究中具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。

＂Examination hell＂ is one of the most serious problems in the Japanese education, which usually refers that students face fierce competitions in the ＂college entrance examination＂ and thus the whole process of physical and mental pressure. ＂Examination hell＂ is not the unique products in Japan in the 1970s. With the popularization of higher education in Japan in the 1970s, however, Japan＇s＂ Examination hell＂ phenomenon has intensified. Deeply analyzing the causes of this problem and coping strategies may have important reference to higher education reform in China.