无细胞的合成生物技术—多酶催化与生物合成

Cell-free synthetic biotechnology—multi-enzyme catalysis and biosynthesis

无细胞合成生物技术由于其高度可控及体外代谢途径构建方法多样,能够完成许多体内代谢途径无法完成的工作.其主体思想即体外多酶催化体系的构建,通过模拟生物细胞内的多酶体系,在体外反应系统中加入能进行顺序反应的多种酶,使底物经过顺序的多步反应,一次得到最终产物,使生产过程大大简化.将多酶催化体系进行共固定化,可以实现多酶体系的协同反应和底物通道效应,提高反应效率.未来几年,无细胞合成生物技术有望成为生物燃料、大宗化学品以及医药产品的低成本生物制造平台.

Cell-free synthetic biotechnology is emerging as a powerful platform technology capable of compl- ementing work in cellular in vivo systems. This is due to the extraordinary level of control and surprising diversity of approaches available for building biosynthetic systems without constraints that limit cellular engineering. The main idea of cell-free synthetic biotechnology is the construction of multi-enzyme catalysis system, which assembly of a number of purified enzymes and coenzymes for the production of desired products through complicated biochemical reaction networks. Multi-enzyme catalysis system can be co-immobilized to reduce the scope of the enzyme and the substrate during the reaction, achieve substrate channel effects, transferring the product of one enzyme to an adjacent cascade enzyme or cell without complete mixing with the bulk phase, the efficiency of the reaction is improved. Cell-free synthetic biotechnology can be regarded as an integrated platform based on three elements--pathway reconstruction, enzyme engineering, and reactor engineering. With developments in stable building blocks and modules, cell-free synthetic biotechnology has the potential to become a low-cost biomanufacturing platform for biofuels production. We may harness the potential of cell-free systems to profoundly change how we study, control, and tune cellular ensembles for biomanufacturing any chemical or material from renewable resources, both quickly and on demand.