大宗化学品可持续化工—生物融合转化探析

Combination of chemical and biological transformation for the sustainable manufacturing of bulk chemicals

大宗化学品又称通用化学品,在国民经济中占据重要地位.目前我国大宗化学品的制备主要以石油、煤炭、天然气等不可再生的化石资源为原料,采用化工转化技术完成,其发展前景具有不可持续性,同时存在污染严重并伴随大量二氧化碳排放的问题.未来我国大宗化学品将主要朝着原料多元化、生产过程绿色化的方向发展,以可再生的生物质为原料及生物转化将是大宗化学品制备技术的研究重点.化工转化和生物转化各具优势,同时也无法避免自身缺点,化学合成和生物合成技术的有效融合可以发挥各自的优势,扬长避短,形成高效的绿色合成技术.本文对大宗化学品可持续化工—生物融合转化过程的关键科学问题,包括原料融合问题、过程融合问题和集成系统融合问题进行了深入探讨,并对相关领域的发展提出了措施与建议.

Bulk chemicals, also called commodity chemicals, occupy an important position within the national economy. At present, the preparation of bulk chemicals in China is mainly based on chemical transformation using petroleum, coal, natural gas and other non-renewable fossil resources as the raw materials. The development of chemical processes is unsustainable and the existence of serious pollution accompanied by a considerable number of carbon dioxide emissions has caused environmental problems. The future trends of China＇s bulk chemicals manufacturing will be diversified feedstocks and green synthesis processes. The use of renewable biomass as raw materials and biotransformation will become research hotspots in bulk chemicals preparation. Chemical transformation and biotransformation have their respective advantages but cannot avoid their shortcomings. The effective integration of chemical transformation and biotransformation can fully exert each advantage, thus resulting in a high-performance green process. This review discusses the key scientific problems of combined chemical and biological transformation to prepare bulk chemicals, including feedstocks fusion, process fusion and integrated system fusion. Measures and suggestions on the development of related fields are also put forward.