职业卫生技术服务机构工作场所空气采样和检测实验室间比对

Inter-laboratory comparison on techniques of workplace air sampling and detection among occupational hygiene technical service organizations

目的通过实验室间比对分析职业卫生技术服务机构工作场所空气采样和检测结果的准确性。方法采用对模拟工作场所空气采样流量和样品检测结果进行评定相结合的方法,对广东省58家职业卫生技术服务机构(以下简称"参比机构")进行工作场所空气中正己烷、甲苯和1,2-二氯乙烷采样和检测的实验室间比对。对采样器流量核查和样品检测结果的合格情况进行评价。结果 58家参比机构共有122台采样器参加采样器流量核查比对,机构合格率为82.8%(48/58),采样器合格率为86.9%(106/122);进口品牌采样器流量核查合格率高于国产品牌(98.1%vs 78.3%,P<0.01)。共有54家参比机构提交146项样品检测结果,样品检测合格率为81.5%(119/146);其中正己烷、甲苯和1,2-二氯乙烷检测结果的合格率分别为78.0%(39/50)、85.2%(46/54)和81.0%(34/42)。珠江三角洲地区和非珠江三角洲地区参比机构采样器流量核查合格率和样品检测合格率差异均无统计学意义(87.2%vs 86.1%,80.4%vs 84.6%,P>0.05);市级、区级和县(镇)级参比机构采样器流量核查合格率和样品检测合格率差异均无统计学意义(86.4%vs 87.1%vs 87.5%,86.4%vs 80.0%vs 70.6%,P>0.05);民营参比机构样品检测合格率低于疾病预防控制类机构和职业病防治类参比机构(27.3%vs 85.7%,27.3%vs 86.5%,P<0.01),但该3种参比机构采样器流量核查合格率差异均无统计学意义(100.0%vs 86.0%vs 85.7%,P>0.05)。结论职业卫生技术服务机构工作场所空气采样流量和样品检测结果仍然存在准确性差的问题;开展工作场所空气采样和检测实验室间比对有利于提高有关机构技术服务能力。

Objective To analyze the accuracy of workplace air sampling and detection results provided by the occupational health technical service institutions through the inter-laboratory comparison. Methods A simulated method of workplace air sampling flow combined with the result evaluation of sample detection on n-hexane, toluene and 1,2- dichloroethane was used for the inter-laboratory comparison among 58 occupational health technical service institutions in Guangdong province. The flow verification of the sampling instruments and the testing results were evaluated. Results Among the 58 institutions, totally 122 sets of samplers were selected and conducted on sampling flow verification and comparison, the qualified rate was 82.8% （48/58） in the institutions, the qualified rate of the samplers was 86.9% （106/122） ; the qualified rate of flow verification in imported brand samplers was higher than that of domestic brand samplers （98. 1% vs 78. 3% , P 〈 0.01 ）. Totally 146 items of sample detection results from 54 institutions were submitted, and [he sample test qualified rate was 81.5% （119/146） ; the qualified rates of detection results of n-hexane, toluene and 1,2-dichloroethane were 78.0% （39/50） , 85.2% （46/54） and 81.0% （34/42） , respectively. The sampling flow verification qualified rate and qualified rate of samples showed no significant differences between the Pearl River Delta region and the non-Pearl River Delta region （87.2% vs 86.1%, 80.4% vs 84.6%, P 〉0.05） ; the sampling flow verification qualified rate and the qualified rate of samples showed no significant differences between the municipal, district and county （town） level institutions （86.4% vs 87.1% vs 87.5%, 86.4% vs 80% vs 70.6%, P 〉0.05）; the sample detection qualified rate of privately operated institutions was lower than those of the institutions of disease prevention and control and occupational disease prevention and control （27.3% vs 85.7%, 27.3% vs 86.5% , P 〈0.01 ）, but the 3 kinds of institutions showed no significant difference in sampling flow verification qualified rate （ 100% vs 86% vs 85.7% , P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusion The workplace air sampling flow rate and sample test results offered by occupational health technical service institutions still has problems of poor accuracy. Inter-laboratory comparison on workplace air sampling and sample testing could help to improve the technical service capabilities for the occupational health technical service institutions.