交通枢纽等级的测度及其空间溢出效应——基于中国城市面板数据的空间计量分析

The Estimate of Transport Hub Level and Its Spatial Spillover Effects——A Spatial Panel Data Study on China's Prefecture-level City

近年来随着一系列区域发展政策的出台,政府为交通枢纽建设提出了新的方向与目标,但是交通枢纽等级如何测度,对本地及周边区域的经济发展有何影响仍未得到解决。本文首先对中国城市的交通枢纽等级进行划分,分析其空间分布情况,然后基于2003—2013年中国城市面板数据,采用空间杜宾模型估计交通枢纽城市对当地经济的影响及其空间溢出效应。结果表明:中国交通枢纽分布有着显著的空间不平衡性,不过正在逐渐改善;交通枢纽对本地区及周围区域的经济产出有显著的正向作用,作用大小按照全国性枢纽、区域性枢纽、地区性枢纽排序;东、中、西部地区交通枢纽的空间溢出效应差异明显,东部和中部地区各类交通枢纽都有显著正的空间溢出效应,不过中部地区不同交通枢纽间的差异并不明显,西部地区则只有区域性交通枢纽有显著正的空间溢出效应。政府应当注重交通枢纽的梯度建设以适应不同地区的发展,加强配套城市群的建设,促进产业集群的形成,完善地区间的交通设施的互联互通,推进综合交通体系建设。

In recent years,with a series of regional development policy releasing,the government proposed the new direction and target for the transport hub,but it has not been resolved that how to measure the transport hub level and what the effect to the economic development of local and surrounding areas.This paper divide the traffic hub level of cities in China and analyzes its spatial distribution,then based on the panel data of Chinese cities in 2003—2013,using spatial Durbin model to estimate the influence of the transport hub cities to the local economy and its spatial spillover effects.The results show that the distribution of China’s transport hub has obvious spatial imbalance,but is gradually improved.Transport hubs have significant positive influence on the local region and the surrounding region’s economic output,effect size sort by the order is national hub,regional hub and district hub.Transportation hubs in eastern region,central region and western region have obvious difference in spatial spillover effect,all kinds of transportation hub have significant positive spillover effects in the eastern region and central region,but the difference between different transport hub in central region is not obvious,and only regional hub city has a significant positive spillover effects in the western region.The government should pay attention to the gradient construction of transport hub to adapt the development of different regions,strengthening the construction of supporting cities groups,promote the formation of industrial cluster,perfecting regional transport infrastructure interconnectivity,advancing the construction of comprehensive transport system.