中国高耗能行业真实全要素生产率研究(1995—2010)——基于投入产出的视角

Study on Genuine TFP of China's High Energy-Consuming Industries(1995—2010)——From the Perspective of Input-Output

本文利用世界银行关于真实储蓄的计算框架,考虑过度能源消耗、矿产消耗和二氧化碳排放因素,计算了中国高耗能行业的真实增加值、真实资本存量和真实全要素生产率。主要结论为:行业间投入产出关系导致行业在使用端的自然资本损耗分布与生产端分布不一致。在投入产出视角下,高耗能行业是相对低能耗、低矿耗和低排放的行业。位于产业链上游的行业,在生产环节大量补贴了下游行业产出环节的自然资本损耗。从真实全要素生产率核算结果看,上游行业在生产环节为下游行业的产出环节补贴了真实全要素生产率。有效地控制上游行业的生产端的自然资本损耗将大幅影响下游行业的全要素生产率。因此,节能减排治理应当从"谁排放,谁负责"的生产导向政策转向行业间共同而有区别责任的综合产业链政策。

Using the calculation framework of genuine savings provided by World Bank,this paper calculated genuine value added,genuine capital stock and genuine TFP of China’s high energy-consuming industries considering the excessive energy and mineral consumption and carbon emission.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows.The input-output relations among industries lead to the inconsistency of the natural depletion distribution between production end and output end.From the perspective of input-output,the high energy-consuming industries are industries of relatively low energy and mineral consumption and low emission.Upstream industries in the industry chain provide the downstream industries’ output with a great quantity subsidies of natural capital depletion during production.The calculation results of genuine TFP accounting show that upstream industries in the industry chain provide the downstream industries’ output with subsidies of genuine TFP.Controlling upstream industries’ natural capital depletion of production end effectively will influence the downstream industries’ TFP significandy.Energy-saving and emission reduction governance should turn from production-oriented policies of ＂the one who discharges takes charge＂ to comprehensive industry chain policies with common but differentiated responsibilities.