不同施肥处理对粤糖03-393产量及养分利用的影响

Effects of different fertilizer applications on cane yield and nutrient use efficiency of new sugarcane variety YT03-393

以甘蔗主栽品种新台糖22号(ROC22)为对照,通过田间试验研究3种施肥:T1(常规氮磷钾化肥)、T2(减量缓控释肥)、T3(优化氮磷钾化肥+硅镁肥)及空白对照对甘蔗新品种粤糖03-393(YT03-393)产量和养分利用效率的影响。结果表明,施适量基肥对两个供试甘蔗品种的萌芽率没有影响,但能增加甘蔗分蘖率,3种施肥处理之间则无显著差异;T2及T3的株高显著高于T1;3种施肥处理下YT03-393的茎径显著大于ROC22;与空白对照相比,施肥处理能显著增加甘蔗有效茎数,但处理间的差异不显著;对于甘蔗产量,各施肥处理均显著高于空白对照,其中又以YT03-393的T2最高,显著高于T1;YT03-393不同施肥处理的蔗产量和糖产量均显著高于ROC22;两品种间及各处理间的甘蔗蔗糖分差异不显著。甘蔗体内氮、磷、钾的积累量整体表现为:钾>氮>磷,又以YT03-393>ROC22;两个品种T2处理的氮、磷、钾农学效率和养分利用率均显著高于其他处理,其中又以YT03-393的养分农学效率最高。综上所述,与ROC22有所不同,YT03-393因其植株高大、丰产潜力足,对氮磷钾养分的需要表现更加迫切。因此,在种植该甘蔗品种时应注重基肥施用,合理搭配氮、磷、钾养分,在保证三大养分供应充足的前提下,适当补充施用硅、镁等中微量元素,并提倡施用缓控释肥,以减少肥料施用,提高肥料利用率,减少肥料对环境的污染。

Cane yield and nutrient use efficiency of new-sugarcane variety Yuetang03-393（YT03-393）and the leading cultivar ROC22（as control）were studied through a field experiment with four fertilizer appilications：T1（conventional NPK fertilizers）,T2（controlled release fertilizer）,T3（silicon magnesium fertilizers ＋ NPK fertilizers）,and blank. Results showed that base fertilizer had no negative effect on the germination of both sugarcane varieties,but actually increased the tillering rate. There was no significant difference in tillering of the three fertilization treatments. The plant height of T2 and T3 of the two varieties was significantly higher than that of T1. Stalk diameter of YT03-393 with three fertilization treatments was thicker than that of ROC22. Fertilization significantly increased the millable stalks,though there was no significant difference between conventional fertilizer and controlled release fertilizer. Cane yield of YT03-393 with T2 was the highest,and significantly higher than that of T1. Both cane yield and sugar yield of YT03-393 with different fertilizations were significantly higher than those of ROC22. In term of sucrose content in cane,there was no significant difference in all treatments. The orders of N/P/K nutrients accumulation in sugarcane plant were：K〉N〉P,and YT03-393〉ROC22. N/P/K nutrients agronomic efficiency and nutrients use efficiency of T2 were significantly higher than those of other treatments,and the order was YT03-393〉ROC22. In summary,YT03-393,unlike ROC22,demands for more NPK nutrients due to its taller and thicker plant and greater potential in cane yield. Great attention should be paid to basal fertilization,well-balanced application of N/P/K when planting this variety. Furthermore,application of some trace elements,such as silicon and magnesium,and controlled release fertilizer were also advocated,in order to enhance the fertilizer utilization and reduce the chemical fertilizer pollution to the environment.