两种斑腿蝗亚科饲料蝗虫的人工繁殖

Mass-rearing of two Catantopinae live feed for entomophagous birds

斑腿蝗亚科蝗虫长角直斑腿蝗和短角外斑腿蝗是具有较高市场经济价值的两种商品蝗虫,可作为鸟类的活体饲料。在广州,对两种蝗虫进行了初步人工繁殖,比较了箱养和棚养下成虫的存活情况,棚养下昼夜温差和昼夜湿度差变化对成虫存活的影响,以及棚养下成虫生殖状况及若虫生长发育情况。结果表明,棚养的长角直斑腿蝗和短角外斑腿蝗的成虫死亡率分别是其箱养的1.80倍和1.61倍;棚内昼夜温差和昼夜湿度差的变化与两种蝗虫成虫死亡的相关性程度低;棚养下成虫死亡主要发生在4月,可能与成虫交配产卵等生物学因素有关;棚养下,两种蝗虫的发育历期相似,若虫出现时间相近,但长角直斑腿蝗3龄若虫初期及短角外斑腿蝗2龄若虫后期均出现大量死亡,其原因有待深究。

Stenocatantops splendens and Xenocatantops brachycerus,two species of Catantopinae,are commercial grasshoppers that are live feed for entomophagous birds. As both species sold in market are captured from wild,S. splendens and X. brachycerus have the highest economic value in commercial markets. In this study,a first trial of mass-rearing of S. splendens and X. brachycerus was conducted in Conghua,Guangzhou,Guangdong province,China. Adults of S. splendens and X. brachycerus,both collected from wild,were reared in cages and mesh-houses. Adult death,development of nymphs,diurnal temperature and humidity were recorded and compared. Results showed that,adult mortality of S. splendens（73.30%）and X. brachycerus（86.83%）in mesh-houses were 1.80 times and 1.61 times of those reared in cages（S. splendens：40.71%;X. brachycerus：53.93%）,respectively. Correlation between diurnal variation of temperature,relative humidity and adult mortality of S. splendens and X. brachycerus reared in mesh-houses was low（S. splendens：R2 =0.1596;X. brachycerus：R2 =0.1940）. 73.94% of adult death of S. splendens in mesh-house and 61.68% of adult death of X. brachycerus in mesh-house both occurred in April,which was supposed to be related to biological factors relevant to adults mating and laying eggs. Reared in mesh-houses,reproduction stages of adults and developmental stages of nymphs of the two species were similar. And,development of eggs and early stages of instars of S. splendensand X. brachycerus were completed. However,mass death of instars suddenly occurred when the 3rd instars of S. splendens came to its early stage and the 2nd instars of X. brachycerus to its late stage. The reason has not known yet.